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CCBS Block 4 > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the view to see the frontal sinuses

A

caldwell view

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2
Q

what view enhances the mandible and condyles ?

A

towne views

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3
Q

what kind of view requires the patient to put their head back

A

waters view

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4
Q

what view is used to look for zygomatic fractures

A

waters view

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5
Q

what shape does the lower orbital limb form

A

elephant

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6
Q

what was it called when there was a broken elephant trunk

A

zygomatic fracture

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7
Q

in the elephant zygoma makes the…

orbits make the

A

zygoma- trunk

orbits- ears

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8
Q

what is a blow out fracture

A

isolated localized fracture of the orbital floor

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9
Q

what is the first line of defense for coronal CT?

A

plain films

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10
Q

what is the 2nd line of defense for Coronal

A

CT scan

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11
Q

what is known as the jug-handles view

A

submentovertex (SMV)

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12
Q

what is used to look at the mouth

A

panorex

orthopantogram or OPG

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13
Q

what does the orthopantogram (panorex) show

A

shows the entire mandible and maxillary arch and teeth

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14
Q

what view do you use for palate

A

axial view

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15
Q

how many ligaments hold the neck together

A

5

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16
Q

what must plain films include

A
  • base of the skull to T1
  • anterior and posterior edges of vertebral bodies
  • posterior edges of the facettes must line up
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17
Q

what view is important for trauma

A

AP view

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18
Q

what needs to be in the center of the AP view

A

posterior spinal processes

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19
Q

what do the vertebral bodies need in a film

A

-they need to have distance between each other
- and they need to have perserved height
-

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20
Q

what happens when there isnt a preserved height between the vertebral bodies

A

things can get squished there like nerves

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21
Q

how many more injuries do you pick up when you use Plain film and CT scan

A

20% more injuries

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22
Q

what is good to see things affecting soft tissues

A

plain film

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23
Q

what can Ludwig’s Angina come from

A

any abscess that spreads under the muscle of the tongue and travels to the side of the neck and can occlude the airway

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24
Q

where is the airway below

A

epiglottis

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25
Q

what should you always make sure of before giving a patient paralytic agents

A

that there is no swelling of the epiglottis

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26
Q

what is important to see contour of the airway in comparison to soft tissue

A

plain films

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27
Q

what are the 5 zones of the neck divided by

A

strap muscles

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28
Q

what do the strap muscles attach to

A

the hyoid bone and they look like straps

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29
Q

what are the 3 anterior triangles

A
  • digastric ( suprahyoid neck)
  • carotid triangle ( Digastic- omohyoid-SCM)
  • muscular triangle (omohyoid-SCM- MIdline)
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30
Q

what is the carotid triangle made of

A

digastric, omohyoid, and SCM

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31
Q

what is the muscular triangle made of

A

omohyoid, SCM, Midline

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32
Q

what s the triangle at the suprahyoid neck

A

digastric triangle

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33
Q

what are the 2 posterior triangles

A

occipital triangle

subclavian triangle

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34
Q

what does the occipital triangle have

A

SCM
Omohyoid
Trapezius

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35
Q

what does the subclavian triangle have

A

Omohyid
SCM
Clavicle

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36
Q

what direction do the two digastrics go

A

north and south

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37
Q

a lot of lymph nodes go through which triangle

A

carotid triangle

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38
Q

what triangle in the neck is the most important

A

carotid tringle

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39
Q

External and internal Carotid A.

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Vagus Nerve

Submandibular Gland

Submandibular lymph nodes
Facial A. and vein

HYpoglossal nerve go through what triangle e

A

digastric

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40
Q

abscess in the area under the jaw makes swelling where

A

in the suprahyoid neck

41
Q

95% of all branchial cleft anomalies arise from what

A

2nd branchial cleft

42
Q

what is the most common presentation of a 2nd branchial cyst

A

a cyst that sometimes has the combination of a sinus or fistula

43
Q

in 2nd branchial cyst infection is indicated how

A

be increased density
-spetations
and wall thickening

44
Q

what holds up the floor of the neck

A

hyoid bone

45
Q

thyroid remnants run to the thyroid behind what

A

hyoid bone

46
Q

what is the midline cystic lesion that is partly external and internal to the hyoid bone and located in the visceral space

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

47
Q

where are lymph nodes usually seen

A

in the subcutaneous fat around the larynx

48
Q

about 60% of thyroglossal duct cyst are what

A

infra-hyoid

49
Q

what runs from the base of the tongue at the foramen caecum to the thyroid gland `

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

50
Q

what is the location of the thyroglossal duct cyst

A

midline or para-median

51
Q

what percent of thyroglossal duct cyst are located suprahyoidal

A

20%

52
Q

how many thyroglossal duct cyst are at the level of the hyoid

A

15%

53
Q

what are the 2 other differential diagnoses for thyroglossal duct cyst

A
  • necrotic anterior cervical nodes

- thrombosed jugular vein

54
Q

what are the 5 anatomical spaces of the infrahyoid neck

A
  • visceral space
  • carotid space
  • retropharyngeal space
  • posterior cervical space
  • perivertebral space
55
Q

if puss goes in the retropharyngela space what happens

A

it will go to the mediastinum and cause problems

56
Q

if there is a perforation in the esophagus puss goes where

A

in the prevertberal space

57
Q

what are the 3 things we look for in a systemic approach

A
  • in which space
  • what is normal contents of this space
  • radiological pattern recognition and integrating clinical information
58
Q

where is the visceral space

A

from the hyoid to the anterior mediastinum and doesnt extend into the suprahyoid space

59
Q

what is anterior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

strap muscle

60
Q

sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid are what

A

strap muscles

61
Q

strap muscles aare all connected to the hyoid bone and do what

A

depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking

62
Q

what is a pathology of the esophagus

A

Zenkers diverticulum

63
Q

what is a pathology of parathyroid

A

adenoma

64
Q

what is a pathology of trachea

A

carcinoma

65
Q 
larynx
esophagus
trachea
thryoid gland
parathyroid
reccurent nerve
paratracheal lymph nodes

belong to what space

A

visceral space

66
Q

laryngocele
chondrosarcoma
paraganglioma
schwannoma

are what

A

submucosal lesions

67
Q

squamos cell carcinoma is what

A

muscosal lesion

68
Q

what has a solid looking appearance

A

schwanomma

69
Q

what has irregular calcifications

A

chondrosarcoma

70
Q

a cyst in the larynx is also called?

A

benign laryngocele

71
Q

where can goiters go because they are heavy

A

mediastinum

72
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerves are located where

A

tracheo-esophageal groove

73
Q

wat is a good way to differntiate betweeen cystic and solid thyroid masses

A

thyroid ultrasound

74
Q

what is the mass that is anterior to the strap muscles

A

thyroid

75
Q

a mass that is located in the visceral space and extends into the mediastinum ( anterior) can displace what

A

the trachea because it is also in the anterior mediastinum

76
Q

what would we assume if we see an anterior mediastinum mass that displaces the trachea to the right and is well defined towards surronding fat also there are a few scattered calcifications

A

multinodular goiter

77
Q

what is used to look at the esophagus that is also part of the visceral space

A

esophagogram ( barium swallow)

78
Q

what is difficulty swallowing called?

A

dysphagia

79
Q

What is the lower esophageal mucosal ring that has no musculature involved

A

Schatzki Ring

80
Q

what is the severe muscular disorder of the esophagus ( esophageal dysmotility)

A

corckscrew esophagus

81
Q

women who are how old have corkscrew?

A

40

82
Q 
carotid a
IJV
CN X
Sympathetic plexus
Lymph nodes ( level 2-4)

all belong to what space

A

carotid space

83
Q

where does the carotid space extend from

A

skull base to the aortic arch

84
Q

what does the carotid space transverse?

A

-suprahyoid
- hyoid
- infrahyoid
neck into the anterior mediastinum

85
Q

a swelling that is centered between the external and internal carotid artery in the suprahyoid larynx would be in what space

A

carotid space

86
Q

what is a differentiatioal diagnosis for a Paraganglimoa ( carotid body tumor) that is in between ECA and ICA

A

tumor of the vagus nerve

87
Q

what is also called a carotid body tumor

A

paraganglioma

88
Q

paraganglioma is multiple in how many people

A

4%

89
Q

how many people have a positive family history of paragnaglioma

A

25%

90
Q

what usually has intense enhancement on CT or MRI and is usually filled with little blood vessels

A

paragnaglioma

91
Q

what are frequently present in paraganglioma

A

flow voids

92
Q

when there is a narrowing of the Carotid artery and the blood makes vortices and can make a noise it is represented of

A

Bruit on Physical Exam

93
Q
  • symptoms of stroke of TIA
  • Bruit
  • atherosclerotic disease anywhere in the body
  • progression of previously known carotid narrowing
  • dizzines
  • hypertension

are all good indications for what

A

carotid ultrasound

94
Q

what is the only thing found in the retropharyngeal space

A

fat

95
Q

what is a pathology of fat in the retropharyngeal space

A

lipoma-liposarcoma

96
Q

what extends from the base of the skull to the posterior mediastinum at the level of the tracheal bifrucation

A

retropharyngeal space

97
Q

what is normally a virtual space that contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes superiorly and contains some fat

A

retreopharyngela space

98
Q

infections of the motuth can spread through what space into the posterior mediastinum

A

retorpharyngeal space

CCBS Block 4 (2 decks)

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