head and neck

Question 1

anterior openings to nasal cavities

Answer 1

nares (nostrils)

Question 2

posterior openings to nasal cavities

Answer 2

choanae (posterior nasal apertures)

Question 3

anterior opening to oral cavity

Answer 3

oral fissure

Question 4

posterior opening to oral cavity

Answer 4

oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 5

feature of openings of nasal cavity

Answer 5

• continuously open
• continuous with air-filled extensions (paranasal sinuses)

Question 6

feature of openings to oral cavity

Answer 6

can be opened and closed by surrounding tissues

Question 7

what is the oral cavity separated from the nasal cavities by

Answer 7

hard and soft palates

Question 8

face

Answer 8

• contains a group of muscles that move the skin relative to the underlying bone
• and control the anterior openings of the orbits and oral cavity

Question 9

scalp

Answer 9

covers the superior, posterior and lateral regions of head

Question 10

openings into the pharynx

Answer 10

• the two nasal cavities, oral cavity and larynx which open into the anterior aspect
• esophagus which opens into the inferior as-etc

Question 11

upper opening of the larynx

Answer 11

laryngeal inlet

Question 12

parts of pharynx posterior to other parts

Answer 12

• nasal cavities: nasopharynx
• oral cavity: oropharynx
• larynx: laryngopharynx

Question 13

parts of hyoid bone

Answer 13

• body of hyoid bone
• the 2 arms of the U (greater horns)

Question 14

what is the hyoid bone attached to

Answer 14

• superior: floor of oral cavity
• inferior: larynx
• posterior: pharynx

Question 15

soft palate

Answer 15

• soft tissue flap-like structure “hinged” to the back of the hard palate
• can be elevated and depressed by muscles

Question 16

how does the neck connect to the thorax

Answer 16

superior thoracic aperture in thorax
which opens directly into base of neck

Question 17

how does the neck connect to the upper limbs

Answer 17

axillary inlet on each side of the superior thoracic aperture at base of neck
- blood vessels and nerves pass through it

Question 18

cricothyrotomy

Answer 18

• route of access to larynx through the cricothyroid ligament (which is between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx)
• easier as only small blood vessels, connective tissue and skin overlying it

Question 19

what does the paired nasal bones articulate with

Answer 19

1. midline: each other
2. superiorly: frontal bone
3. laterally: frontal process of each maxilla

Question 20

anterior opening of nasal cavity

Answer 20

piriform aperture

Question 21

centre of the frontonasal suture formed by articulation of nasal bones and frontal bone

Answer 21

nasion

Question 22

what does the maxilla articulate with

Answer 22

1. laterally: zygomatic process of each maxilla <-> zygomatic bone
2. medially: frontal process of each maxilla <-> frontal and paired nasal bones

Question 23

what does each maxilla end as inferiorly

Answer 23

alveolar process

Question 24

parts of mandible

Answer 24

1. anterior: body of mandible
2. posterior: ramus of mandible

Question 25

where do parts of mandible meet

Answer 25

posteriorly at angle of mandible

Question 26

parts of body of mandible (anterior)

Answer 26

1. lower part: base of mandible
2. upper part: alveolar part of mandible

Question 27

midline swelling
where 2 sides of mandible come tgt

Answer 27

mental protuberance

Question 28

slightly more pronounced bumps lateral to midline swelling

Answer 28

mental tubercles

Question 29

foramen on mandible

Answer 29

mental foramen

Question 30

foramen on frontal bone

Answer 30

supra-orbital foramen

Question 31

foramen on maxilla

Answer 31

infra-orbital foramen