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Viva Anatomy > Head And Neck > Flashcards

Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Branches of mandibular nerve

A

Meningeal branch
Anterior division:
Buccal, masseter , deep temporal
Posterior division:
Lingual, Auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar nerve(omyhyoid, digastric, tensor Levi palatini)

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2
Q

Boundaries of infratemporal fossa

A

Anterior: post surface of body of maxilla
Roof: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Medial: lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Lateral: ramus of mandible

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oris is supplied by nerve

A

Buccal and mandibular branch of facial nerve

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4
Q

Nerve supply and Function of orbicularis oculi

A

Temporal branch of facial nerve

Close the eyelids and assists in pumping the tears from the eye into the nasolacrimal duct system

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5
Q

Multipennate, bipennate, unipennate muscles and examples
multiple rows of muscle fibres whose central tendon branches into two or more tendons

A

M: Deltoid
B: Stapedius, rectus femoris
U: lower leg muscles

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6
Q

Olive (structure in brain)

A

a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem.

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7
Q

Auditory area

A

regions of the cerebral cortex located bilaterally in the temporal lobes.

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8
Q

The external ear consists of

A
  1. Auricle or pinna
  2. External acoustic meatus
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9
Q

Masseter nerve
Mentalis nerve

A

Mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

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10
Q

nerve supply of muscles of mastication

A

a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the mandibular nerve.

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11
Q

Functional area of taste

A

Broad man’s area 43

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12
Q

Odontoid process is found in

A

second cervical vertebrae (C2, or the axis).

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13
Q

Functional area of temporal lobe

A

Primary auditory complex
Managing emotions, retrieving and storing memories and understanding language.

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14
Q

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery

A

The anterior cerebral arteries supply the anteromedial portion of the cerebrum.
The middle cerebral arteries are situated laterally, supplying the majority of the lateral part of the brain.
The posterior cerebral arteries supply both the medial and lateral parts of the posterior cerebrum.

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15
Q

Dangerous area of face

A

The section of your face from the bridge of your nose to the corners of your mouth. Also called triangle of death

If the skin inside this triangle is broken, like from a cut or popped pimple, bacteria can enter the body and cause infection. Due to its proximity to critical portions of the brain, the infection can quickly lead to serious complications, including cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

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16
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

located in Brodmann area 22, the posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere
CRITICAL FOR SPEECH PRODUCTION

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17
Q

Anterior and posterior commissure

A

The anterior commissure connects the olfactory bulbs, amygdaloid nuclei, and the medial and inferior temporal lobes.
The posterior commissure fibers connect areas in the occipital lobes, primarily areas concerned with pupillary response and eye movement control.

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18
Q

Commissure

A

connect an area in one hemisphere with an area in the opposite hemisphere.

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19
Q

Pyramids due to corticospinal decussation

A

Decussation of the fibers (i.e., the crossing of fibers to the opposite side of the body) occurs at the level of the lower medulla, where 85 to 90% of the fibers cross to form the lateral corticospinal tract (LCST).

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20
Q

Internal arcuate fibers between peduncles (sensory decussation)

A

Upon decussation (crossing over) from one side of the medulla to the other, also known as the sensory decussation, they are then called the medial lemniscus.

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21
Q

Mylohyoid line and it’s attachment

A

The mylohyoid line is the site of attachment of many muscles, including the mylohyoid muscle, and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is also the site of attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe
The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the mandible

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22
Q

Primary motor area broad Mann’s area 4

A

Posterior region of precentral area in precentral gyrus
Function:
Produce movement on opposite side of the body

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23
Q

Gap junction function

A

Gap junctions allow the exchange of ions, second messengers, and small metabolites between adjacent cells

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24
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Intercalated disc contains gap junctions and desmosomes for depolarization and muscle contraction.

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25
Q

Arterial supply to bones

A

the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries

26
Q

Circle of Willis (a ring of vessels connecting the anterior and posterior circulations of the brain)

A

Anterior cerebral artery (left and right) at their A1 segments.
Anterior communicating artery.
Internal carotid artery (left and right) at its distal tip (carotid terminus)
middle cerebral arteries.
Posterior communicating artery (left and right

27
Q

What is somite and derivatives of somite

A

Somites are segmental axial structures of vertebrate embryos that give rise to (derivatives;) vertebral column, ribs, skeletal muscles, and subcutaneous tissues.

28
Q

Types of cells in bone

A

osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation,
and osteocytes help maintain bone structure by regulating the mineral concentration of the matrix.
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption,
while bone lining cells are believed to play a complementary role in maintaining the bone matrix.

29
Q

Osteoclast location

A

Howship’s lacunae (pits in the bone surface which are called resorption bays)

30
Q

Haversian canal

A

any of the minute tubes which form a network in bone and contain blood vessels.

31
Q

What is Osteon

A

Also known as the Haversian system, osteons consist of overlapping cylinders of bone tissue called lamellae. In the center of each lamellae is a passageway called the Haversian canal, through which blood vessels and nerves pass.

32
Q

Composition of cartilage

A

It is composed ofa dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialized cells calledchondrocytes. The ECM is principally composed of water, collagen, and proteoglycans, with other noncollagenous proteins and glycoproteins present in lesser amounts.

33
Q

Types of bone

A

Long bone – has a long, thin shape. …

Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. …

Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. …

Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types.

34
Q

Extracellular matrix of cartilage

A

Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed primarily of the network type II collagen (COLII) and an interlocking mesh of fibrous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS)

35
Q

Features of carotid sheath

A

IJV, VAGUS NERVE, COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
Cranial nerves 9, 10 and 11 pass through it.

36
Q

Floor of 4th ventricle

Floor of 3rd ventricle

A

Pons and medulla

Thalamus

37
Q

Parts of medulla

A

Olives, pyramids, inferior peduncles, hypoglossal canal

38
Q

Facial colliculi

A

When facial nerve C7 pass around abducens C6, it cause swelling called facial colliculi

39
Q

Neural pores present in

A

Chordal and neural side of

40
Q

Nerve supply of lower jaw

A

Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve

41
Q

Parotid gland nerve supply and parent artery

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, Auriculotemporal.
Maxillary artery.

42
Q

Heissner corpuscle

A

Group of epithelial cells in medulla of thymus

43
Q

Larynx nerve and blood supply

A
44
Q

Nerve supply of lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal nerve branch of opthalmic nerve

45
Q

Maxillary artery branches

A

Mandibular
Pterygoid
Pterygopalatine

46
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

Another name for tear system
Contains glands , sacs and nasolacrimal duct

47
Q

Inferior meatus of nose open

A

Nasolacrimal duct guard by nasolacrimal fold

48
Q

Kiessalbach’s plexus formed and what is its significance

A

.

49
Q

Carotid canal and it’s content

A

ICA and cervical plexus

50
Q

Nasal septum blood and nerve supply

A

Trigeminal V1

51
Q

Locate carotid canal and it’s content

A

Norma basalis and cervical plexus and IJV pass through it

52
Q

Branches of internal carotid artery

A

Opthalmic artery
Anterior choroidal artery
Posterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery

53
Q

Types of association fiber

Types of Commissural fibers

A

Short and long fibers

Ant. Post comis
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Habelunar

54
Q

TMJ and it’s movement

A

Movement:
Depression
Elevation
Protrusion
Retardation
According to muscle of mastication
Rotating
Gliding movement

55
Q

Blood supply of maxilla

A

Maxillary artery branch of ECA (external carotid artery)

56
Q

Broca’s area cause

Vermix cause

A

Aphasia

Receptive aphasia

57
Q

Facial artery parent artery

A

External carotid artery

58
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament, (which is derived from the sheath of Meckel’s cartilage)

A

a fibrous structure that passes between the spine of the sphenoid bone and the lingula of the mandible.

59
Q

Lingual tonsils blood supply + parent artery

A

Lingual artery
Parent artery is facial artery of ECA

60
Q

which arteries are involved in epistaxis

A

The anterior ethmoid, greater palatine, sphenopalatine, and superior labial arteries

61
Q

posterior cerebral artery is the branch of which artery

A

The posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of the basilar artery and supply the occipital lobes and posteromedial temporal lobes.

62
Q
A

Viva Anatomy (2 decks)

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