Head and Neck Flashcards
Divisions of the anterior triangle
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Carotid
- Muscular
Fascia of the neck
Deep and superficial cervical fascia
Platysma action
tightens the skin of the neck
Platysma innervation
Facial nerve CN VII
Suprahyoid muscles
stylohyoid
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
digastric (posterior and anterior belly)
Action of geniohyoid and stylohyoid
Raise hyoid bone
Action of mylohyoid and digastric
depress the mandible
Innervation of the posterior belly of digastric
Facial nerve
Innervation of stylohyoid
Facial nerve
Innervation of the anterior belly of digastric
mandibular division of trigeminal CNV3
innervation of mylohyoid
mandibular division of trigeminal CNV3
innervation of geniohyoid
Innervated by C1 via Hypoglossal CN XII
Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Action of Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Innervation of omohyoid
Ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
Innervation of Sternohyoid
Ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
Innervation of Sternothyroid
Ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
Innervation of Thyrohyoid
C1 via Hypoglossal CN XII
Carotid sheath contents
Common carotid artery, Internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
Ansa cervicalis location
Lies on carotid sheath
Arterial supply of the thyroid gland
Superior thyroid (from ECA) and Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk of subclavian a.) arteries
Venous drainage of the thyroid gland
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
- Superior and middle to Internal jugular v.
- Inferior to left brachiocephalic v.
Innervation of Submandibular salivary gland (secretomotor)
Facial n. (CN VII)
Thoracic duct location
Usually at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
Actions of sternocleidomastoid
Lateral flexion and rotation of neck
Flexion of cervical vertebrae
Sternocleidomastoid motor innervation
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Sternocleidomastoid proprioception innervation
Cervical plexus C2+3
Trapezius action
Depresses, retracts and elevates scapula
Motor innervation of trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
proprioception innervation of trapezius
Cervical plexus C3+4
levator scapulae action
Elevates sacpula
Levator scapulae innervation
Direct C3, 4 and C5 via dorsal scapular nerve
Scalenes function
Flex neck bilaterally and elevate upper ribs
Middle scalene innervation
Anterior rami of C3-7
Anterior scalene innervation
Anterior rami of C4-7
Posterior scalene innervation
Anterior rami of C5-7
Nerve passing obliquely over anterior scalene
Phrenic nerve
Innervation of splenius capitis
Posterior rami C1-6
Action of splenius capitis
Extends head and neck
Semispinalis capitis action
extends cervical spine + bends to same side
Longissimus capitis action
extends head and flexes to same side
semispinalis capitis innervation
posterior rami
longissimus capitis innervation
posterior rami
action of rectus capitis posterior minor and major
extend head and rotate to same side
innervation of rectus capitis posterior minor and major
suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)
obliquus capitis superior action
extends head, tilts to same side, rotates to opposite side
obliquus capitis superior and inferior innervation
suboccipital nerve (pos. rami C1)
obliquus capitis inferior action
extends head and rotates to same side
Secretomotor (parasympathetic) innervation of the parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX (fibres carried with auriculotemporal n. = trigeminal)
which nerve divides the parotid gland into superficial and deep portions?
Facial nerve CNV11
Branches of facial nerve
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
- Posterior auricular nerve (behind ear to back of skull)
Structures in parotid gland, deep to facial n.
- Retromandibular vein
- External carotid artery (branches to superficial temporal and maxillary after exiting)
- Auriculotemporal nerve
parotid gland lymph drainage
parotid nodes
Temporalis action
elevates and retracts mandible
Fascia covering temporalis muscle
temporal fascia
innervation of temporalis
Deep temporal nerves (from anterior division of mandibular trigeminal n. CN V3)
Masseter action
elevates mandible
innervation of masseter
masseteric nerve from mandibular trigeminal (CN V3)
Action of lateral pterygoid
protrusion of mandible
innervation of lateral pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid (anterior division of CN V3)
action of medial pterygoid
Assists in elevation
Innervation of medial pterygoid
Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of CN V3)
opthalmic and maxillary (trigeminal n.) innervation type
sensory
mandibular division of trigeminal innervation type
sensory and motor
external carotid artery terminal branches
maxillary and superficial temporal
main branches of mandibular division of trigeminal
lingual and inferior alveolar (follow the mandible)
maxillary artery branches
middle meningeal
inferior alveolar
pterygoid
artery to masseter
deep temporal
Buccal
Divisions of maxillary artery
mandibular
pterygoid
pterygopalatine
plexus surrounding lateral pterygoid
pterygoid venous plexus
drains pterygoid venous plexus
maxillary vein
branch of facial nerve that joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa (parasympathetic fibres)
Chorda tympani
Innervation of muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve CN VII
frontalis action
wrinkles forehead and raises eyebrows
occipitalis action
draws scalp backwards
Anterior auricular action
draws ear forward
superior auricular action
elevates ear
posterior auricular action
draws ear backwards
orbicularis oculi action
closes the eyelids
corrugator supercilii action
draws eyebrows medially and downward
Nasalis action
closes and opens nostril
Procerus action
draws down medial angle of eyebrows
Depressor septi action
pulls nose inferiorly
Depressor anguli oris action
draws corners of mouth down and lateral
depressor labii inferioris action
draws lower lip down and lateral
mentalis action
raises and protrudes lower lip
risorius action
retracts corner of mouth
Zygomaticus major action
draws corner of mouth upward and lateral
zygomaticus minor action
draws upper lip upward
levator labii superioris action
raises upper lip
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi action
raises upper lip and opens nostril
levator anguli oris action
raises corners of mouth
orbicularis oris action
closes lips
buccinator action
presses cheek against teeth
arterial supply of scalp
- supratrochlear
- supraorbital
- superficial temporal
- posterior auricular
- occipital
lymphatic drainage of the scalp
deep cervical nodes
innervation of levator palpebrae
oculomotor (3)
innervation of superior rectus
oculomotor (3)
innervation of inferior rectus
oculomotor (3)
innervation of medial rectus
oculomotor (3)
innervation of lateral rectus
abducent (6)
innervation of superior oblique
trochlear (4)
innervation of inferior oblique
oculomotor (3)
Action of levator palpebrae
raise upper eyelid
Action of superior, inferior and medial rectus
adduction (look medial)
Action of lateral rectus
abduction (look laterally)
Action of superior and inferior oblique
abduction (look laterally)
arterial supply and venous drainage of the orbit, forehead, scalp etc.
ophthalmic artery and vein
innervation of the frontal sinus
supra-orbital (V1)
Innervation of the maxillary sinus
superior alveolar (V2)
Innervation of the ethmoidal sinus
nasociliary (V1)
Innervation of the sphenoidal sinus
Posterior ethmoidal (V1)
arterial supply of the inner nose
posterior and anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine
secretomotor innervation of the sublingual gland
Facial (CN VII)
Where does the parotid duct enter?
upper 2nd molar
Where does the submandibular duct open?
between 1st and 2nd incisors, either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth
Taste innervation to anterior tongue
Facial (CN VII) (carried with lingual nerve)
Sensory innervation to anterior tongue
Trigeminal (CN V3)
taste and sensory innervation to posterior tongue
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
genioglossus and hyoglossus action
depresses tongue
genioglossus innervation
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Palatoglossus and Styloglossus action
elevates tongue
Palatoglossus innervation
Vagus nerve CN X
Styloglossus innervation
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Hyoglossus innervation
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Arterial supply of the tongue
Lingual artery - branch of ECA
Venous drainage of the tongue
Lingual vein - Internal jugular vein
lymphatic drainage of the tongue
deep cervical, tip = submental
innervation of palatine glands
facial nerve
blood supply of hard palate
greater palatine artery from maxillary
innervation of hard palate
greater palatine nerve from maxillary trigeminal (pterygopalatine ganglion)
innervation of tensor veli palatini
Mandibular division of trigeminal V3
innervation of levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, musculus uvulae, salpingopharyngeus
Vagus nerve (CNX) via pharyngeal plexus
Action of palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
depresses soft palate
action of musculus uvulae
elevates uvula
lymphatic drainage of the palate
deep cervical nodes
venous drainage of the palate
pterygoid plexus
innervation of superior, middle and inferior constrictor
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
action of superior, middle and inferior constrictor
constriction of the pharynx
action of stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
elevation of the pharynx
innervation of stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Innervation of salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
arterial supply of thyroid
superior and inferior thyroid
venous drainage of thyroid
superior and inferior thyroid veins
tensor tympani action
tenses tympanic membrane
tensor tympani innervation
mandibular branch of trigeminal V3
stapedius action
pulls stapes laterally
stapedius innervation
Facial nerve
sensory innervation to tympanic cavity
glossopharyngeal - IX
sensory innervation of the auditory tube
glossopharyngeal - IX
blood supply of middle ear
anterior tympanic artery from maxillary
blood supply of auricle
ECA branches: anterior and posterior auricular from superficial temporal
sensory innervation to outer auricle
facial nerve VII
sensory innervation of inner auricle
Vagus and glossopharyngeal
blood supply of the inner ear
internal auditory from basilar
External jugular vein pathway
Passes over sternocleidomastoid as it travels up the neck laterally
Internal jugular vein neck relations
Underneath sternocleidomastoid in carotid sheath
Which nerves pass between middle and anterior scalene?
Roots of the brachial plexus
Artery present in suboccipital triangle
Vertebral artery
Identify the indicated muscle
Stylohyoid
Identify the indicated muscle
Stylohyoid
Identify the indicated muscle
Digastric
A = anterior belly
B = posterior belly
Identify the indicated muscle
Mylohyoid
Identify the indicated muscle
Geniohyoid
Identify the indicated feature
Isthmus of thyroid gland
Identify the indicated muscle
Semispinalis capitis
Identify the indicated muscle
Splenius capitis and cervicis
Identify the indicated muscle
Temporalis
Identify the indicated muscle
Masseter
Identify the indicated muscle
Lateral pterygoid (upper and lower head)
Identify the indicated muscle
Medial pterygoid (superficial and deep heads)
Identify muscle A
Thyrohyoid
Identify muscle A
Sternothyroid
Identify muscle A
Omohyoid
Identify muscle A
Sternohyoid
Identify muscle A
Anterior scalene
Identify muscle A
Posterior belly of omohyoid
Identify muscle A
Middle scalene
Identify muscle A
Levator scapulae
Identify muscle A
Splenius capitis
Identify muscle A
Trapezius
Identify muscle A
Middle scalene
Identify muscle A
Anterior scalene
Identify muscle A
Splenius capitis
Identify muscle A
Levator scapulae
Identify muscle A
Posterior scalene
Identify muscle A
Trapezius
Identify muscle A
Posterior belly of omohyoid
Identify muscle A
Middle scalene
Identify muscle A
Anterior scalene
Identify muscle A
Semispinalis capitis
Identify muscle A
Splenius capitis
Identify muscle A
Obliquus capitis superior
Identify muscle A
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Identify muscle A
Rectus capitis posterior major
Identify muscle A
Obliquus capitis inferior
Identify muscle A
Semispinalis cervicis
Identify muscle A
Longissimus capitis
Identify muscle A
Semispinalis capitis ‘
Identify muscles A + B
A= deep head medial pterygoid
B= superficial head medial pterygoid
Identify muscles A + B
A = lower head lateral pterygoid
B = upper head lateral pterygoid
Identify Muscle A + B
Lateral pterygoid
A = superior head
B = inferior head
Identify Muscle A
Medial pterygoid
Identify Muscle A
Masseter
Identify the indicated muscle
Procerus
Identify the indicated muscle
Nasalis
Identify the indicated muscle
Orbicularis oris
Identify the indicated muscle
Levator labii superioris
Identify the indicated muscle
Depressor anguli oris
Identify the indicated muscle
Risorius
Identify the indicated muscle
Orbicularis oculi
Identify the indicated muscle
Corrigator supercili
Identify the indicated muscle
Frontalis
Identify the indicated muscle
Occipitalis
Identify the indicated muscle
Auricularis superior
Identify the indicated muscle
Auricularis anterior
Identify the indicated muscle
Platysma
Identify the indicated muscle
Buccinator
Identify the indicated muscle
Buccinator
Identify the indicated muscle
Mentalis
Identify the indicated muscle
Depressor labii inferioris
Identify the indicated muscle
Platysma
Identify the indicated muscle
Modiolus
Identify the indicated muscle
Zygomaticus major
Identify the indicated muscle
Zygomaticus minor
Identify the indicated muscle
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Identify the indicated muscle
Levator anguli oris
Identify muscle A
Superior rectus
Identify muscle A
Levator palpebrae superioris
Identify muscle A
Superior oblique
Identify muscle A
Lateral rectus
Identify muscle A
Medial rectus
Identify muscle A
Inferior rectus
Identify muscle A
Lateral rectus
Identify muscle A
Inferior oblique
Identify muscle A
Mylohyoid
Identify muscle A
Geniohyoid
Identify muscle A
Genioglossus
Identify muscle A
Styloglossus
Identify muscle A
Hyoglossus
Identify muscle A
Palatoglossus
Identify muscle A
Musculus uvulae
Identify muscle A
Superior constrictor
Identify muscle A
Palatopharyngeus
Identify muscle A
Tensor bell palatini
Identify muscle A
Levator veil palatini
Identify area A
Nasal choanae
Identify structure A
Pterygoid hamulus
Identify muscle A
Superior constrictor
Identify muscle A
Middle constrictor
Identify muscle A
Inferior constrictor
Identify muscle A
Oesophagus
Identify muscle A
Pharyngeal raphe
Identify muscle A
Stylopharyngeus
Identify the structures which pass through space A
Superior laryngeal nerves and vessels
Identify the structures which pass through space A
Recurrent laryngeal nerves and vessels
Identify muscle A
Salpingopharyngeus
Identify muscle A
Palatopharyngeus
Identify muscle A
Stylopharyngeus
Identify muscle A
Rectus capitis anterior
Identify muscle A
Rectus capitis lateralis
Identify muscle A
Longus capitis
Identify muscle A
Longus colli
Identify muscle A
Anterior scalene
Identify A
Oblique line
Identify A
Superior thyroid notch
Identify structure
Thyroid cartilage
Identify structure
Cricoid cartilage
Identify structure
Arytenoid cartilage
Identify feature A
Quadrangular membrane
Identify feature A
Aryepiglottic fold
Identify feature A
Epiglottis
Identify feature A
Vestibular vocal fold
Identify feature A
True vocal fold
Identify muscle A
Cricothyroid
Identify muscle A
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Identify muscle A
Oblique arytenoid
Identify muscle A
Transverse arytenoid
Identify muscle A
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Identify muscle A
Thyro arytenoid muscle
Identify structure A
Concha
Identify structure A
Tragus
Identify structure A
External auditory meatus
Identify structure A
Lobule
Identify structure A
Antitragus
Identify structure A
Antihelix
Identify structure A
Helix
Identify structure A
Tendon of stapedius
Identify structure A
Pyramidal eminence
Identify structure A
Stapes
Identify structure A
Pharyngotympanic/Eustachian tube
Identify structure A
Tensor tympani muscle
Identify structure A
Malleus
Identify structure A
Incus
