Head and Neck Flashcards
What is microtia?
congenital malformation of the ear
What is a preauricular tag?
weird ear formation before the ear.
What is the difference in the kind of material found in the lateral vs. medial ear?
lateral is cartilagenous, deeper ear is bony
What is otitis externa?
swimner’s ear: inflammation of the external auditory canal. causes ear ache
What kinds of pathology can I see in the tympanic membrane?
retraction with effusion in middle ear
perforation. tympanosclerosis (looks like a white spot on the tympanic membrane), cholesteatoma: skin growth behind the ear drum commonly seen after mastoidectomy
What is cholesteatoma?
skin growth beind the ear commonly seen after masoidectomy
What are three kinds of external nose pathology?
rhinophyma: usually caused by untreated rosacea (nose is bumpy and looks like the surface of the moon)
skin cancer
saddle nose deformity at the juncture of the bone and the cartilage. septum of the nose may break down from trauma or surgery. Cartilage not longer supports the soft tissue
What does allergic rhinitus look like in the nose?
white bumps with blue/grey turbinates
What is septal perforation and one cause of it?
hole through the septum. often caused by cocaine use. occasionally, a fistula between the mouth and the nose develops…
What are some growth-like things you may see in the nose?
turbinate hypertrophy
polyps
inverting papilloma- will look like little bubbles. Some may turn cancerous (caused by HPV)
What divides the oral cavity from the oropharynx?
anterior pillar
What should I know about tonsillitis?
you may see redness, assymmetry, pus. graded on a 1-4 scale 0 is tonsils absent 1: recessed into fossa 2: extend to tonsillar pillars 3: extend beyond pillars 4 extend to midline and are touching
What might I notice with peritonsillar abscesses?
displaced uvula
What are tonsilloliths?
from sloughed lining of the mouth and food particles. can represent local infections. Often extrude on their own, causing severe bad breath.
What are some signs of tonsilar cancer?
very very asymmetric tonsils. uvula should be midline (if not, suspect abscess).
Where should I check for cancer?
tongue, floor of mouth, buccal surfaces, palate
What are normal bumps to see in the mouth?
palatal tori, mandiibular tori
What should you look for in terms of salivary glands?
asymmetry, sings of inflammation, salivary flow, stones
Where are the important salivary glands/ducts in the mouth?
parotid duct in side of cheek (called stenson's duct) submandibular duct (wharton's duct) under tongue
In what conditions will you see parotits?
Mumps! this is associated with hearing loss.
mumps is a viral disease. spread through droplets. might cause infertility in boys/mend due to testicular swelling.
You’ve treated someone for tonsilitis. But, her symptoms continue to worsen. What is a complication I should be concerned about? How would I treat it? What would I see on imaging?
worry about peritonsilar abcess, especially since the tonsil has a lot of avascular tissue that is hard to treat with antibiotics. You need to drain the fluid from the abscess. You may note the uvula is not midline. I may see a ring enhancing lesion around the abscess.
What are some signs of throat cancer?
progressively sore throat
unilateral ear pain
voice change
What are some signs of epiglottis?
history suggestive of Hib tripoding inspiratory stridor thumb sign on sray AIRWAY EMERGENCY
What is one cause of polyps in the nose?
chronic inflammation, as in patients with long history of allergy
What is a ranula?
cyst full of saliva. grows progressively and is usually painless. Sounds a lot like cancer: but you will feel fluid rolling under your finger.
Why should people with bad teeth get good fitting dentures?
bad teeth = chronic inflammation
poorly fitting dentures = chronic inflammation
chronic inflammation can lead to cancer
What is Ludwig’s angina?
AIRWAY EMERGENCY
cellulitis on the floor of the mouth, often after having a tooth pulled.
