Head And Neck 🧠

Question 1

Vocal cords:

Answer 1

False vocal cord: Fat density and triangular in shape

True vocal cord: Soft tissue density and V shape both and elliptical each alone. Attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the aeyroepiglottic fold.

The space btw the 2 vocal cords is called laryngeal ventricle

The area above the false vocal cord called laryngeal vestibule

The space lateral to false vocal cord: pyriform space or paralaryngeal space?

Question 2

Pharynx

Answer 2

Nasopharynx: from nasal concha to the soft palate
Oropharynx: from soft palate to the epiglottis
Hypopharynx: from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage

The hypopharynx is subdivided by the true vocal cord into:
Supra-glottis: above the TVC and contain the FVC
Glottis: contain the TVC
Infra-glottis: below the TVC to the cricoid cartilage

Anterior to the epiglottis we have the valledupar

Question 3

Paranasal sinuses drainage:

Development:

Answer 3

Frontal + anterior ethmoidal + maxillary sinuses —> Middle meats
Posterior ethmoidal —> Superior meats
Nasolacrimal duct —> Inferior meats
Sphenoid sinus —> sphenoethmoidal recess
* ptyregopalatine fossa open into the nasal cavity through sphenopalatine fissure

(All the anteriorly located sinuses drain into the middle meats)

ME SF (in order in children)
Maxillary —> Ethmoidal —> Sphenoidal —> Frontal
Maxillary start as small fluid filled sinus then start to grow with growing up

Question 4

Prevertebral space:

Answer 4

Normal thickness:
C2 level =< 6 mm in children can reach 7mm due to presence of adenoid tissue
C6 level =< 22 mm

Contents:
- Prevertebral portion:
1- cervical vertebral body and disc
2- prevertebral muscles:
longus colli
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
3- scalene muscles:
scalenus anterior
scalenus medius
scalenus posterior
3- vertebral artery and vein
4- phrenic nerve
5- roots of brachial plexus

• paraspinal portion: long list :)