head and concussion Flashcards
Alert
Awake and responds immediately and appropriately
Confused
Impaired memory; disorientation and confusion
Lethargic
Drowsy yet easily aroused; oriented to person, place and time
Stuporous
Asleep most of the time, difficult to arouse, responds inappropriately
Semicomatose
No response to verbal stimuli, some response to painful stimuli
Comatose
No response
Anterograde amnesia
Length of time from injury until conscious memory returns
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memory of events that occurred before injury
Immediate recall
Can recite 4-5 words or numbers after you say them
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears
Romberg’s test
Balance testing for intracranial damage
Scalp
- Mobility
2. Highly vascular; 5 layers
Skull
- 2 sections cranium and skull
What does the cranium consist of?
Frontal, occipital, sphenoid(2), parietal (2), temporal (2)
Landmarks (3)?
External occipital protuberance, mastiod process, brainstem
Parts of the brainstem
Medulla, pons, and midbrain
What does the cerebellum control
Motor function, balance, and posture
What does the cerebrum control?
Voluntary movements, sensory,motor function, and consciousness
What is the cerebrospinal fluid and what does it do?
- between arachnoid and pia mater
* suspends brains dn cushions it from shock
Levels of the Meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, subarachnoid space, pia mater
What is dura mater?
Dense, inelastic, outermost matter
What is the arachnoid membrane?
Thin, delicate membrane
What is the subarachnoid space?
In between the arachnoid and the pia mater, helps contain spinal fluid
What is the pia mater?
Innermost layer
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Olfactory:smell Optic:vision Oculomotor:eye movement Trochlear: eye movement Trigeminal:head and face sensations Abduces:lateral eye movement Facial:taste, facial movements Acoustic:hearing and equilibrium Glossopharngeal: swallowing Vagus:speech Spinal accessory:movement of the neck and shoulders Hypoglossal:movement of the tongue
