Head Flashcards
Most common sx of a head injury
Disturbances in consciousness
What are some serious intracranial problems associated with HAs
Tumor, SAH, meningitis
What is neuralgia
Common cause of facial pain. Severe/throbbing pain along the course of a nerve caused by a demyelinating lesion.
What is the science behind a black eye
A blow to the superciliary arch can cause bruising around the orbit, causing tissue, fluid, and blood to accumulate in the surrounding connective tissue, gravitating superiorly and around the eye.
What is malar flush and what is it associated with
Redness of the skin over the zygomatic arch (malar eminence). Associated with fevers in TB and systemic lupus erythematosus.
What bones are involved in a Le Fort I fx
Fx passes superior to roots of the upper teeth. Crossing the nasal septum and possibly the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid.
What bones are involved in a Le Fort II fx
Fx passes from posterolateral parts of maxillary sinuses superomedially through the infra-orbital foramina, lacrimals, or ethmoids to the bridge of the nose.
What is separated from the cranium in a Le Fort II fx
The entire central part of the face, including the hard palate and alveolar processes, are separated from the cranium.
What bones are involved in a Le Fort III fx
Fx passes thru superior orbital fissures, the ethmoid, and nasal bones. Extends laterally to greater wing of sphenoid.
What is separated from the cranium in a Le Fort III fx
Concurrent zygomatic arch fx causes maxillae and zygomatic bones to separate from rest of cranium.
Describe a mandible coronoid process fx
Usually single and uncommon
Describe a mandible neck fx
Transverse. May be associated with TMJ dislocation on the SAME side
Describe a mandible angle fx
Oblique. May involve bony socket or alveolus of the 3rd molar tooth.
Describe a body mandible fx
Pass through the socket of a canine tooth
A hard blow to the jaw often causes ____
Often fractures the neck and body of the mandible in the region of the opposite canine tooth.
what could cause the mental foramina to disappear
Extraction of mandibular teeth can cause the alveolar bone to resorb. Pressure from dental prosthesis may cause pain in eating bc its resting on exposed mental nerve.
What usually minimizes a blow to the head
Convexity of the calvaria. But hard blows in thin places may produce a depressed fracture.
Linear calvarial fracture
Most frequent. Occur at point of impact. Fx lines radiate away from it in 2 or more directions.
Comminuted fractures
Bone is broken into several pieces. If calvaria is thick, bone may bend in without fx. But a fx may occur in a thinner calvaria spot.
Countercoup (counterblow) fx
No fx occurs at point of impact, but there is one on the opposite side of the cranium
What should you do with a bone flap after a craniotomy and when is regeneration best
Since adult pericranium has poor osteogenic properties, the bone flap are put back into place and wired to the calvaria. Regeneration is best when bone is reflected with muscle and skin.
How do you perform mental and incisive nerve block and what does mental nerve supply.
Inject anesthesia into the mental foramen to block the mental nerve that supplies the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip from mental foramen to midline, including neck of chin.
What foramen would you inject into to get a buccal nerve block
Into the retromolar fossa. Posterior to the 3rd mandibular molar tooth between anterior border of ramus and temporal crest.
What 4 things are numb when you have a lesion of the entire trigeminal nerve
- Corresponding anterior half of scalp
- Face, corneal, and conjuctiva (except for akin over the angle of the mandible - mental N)
- Mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and anterior part of tongue
- Paralysis of mastication muscles
Which nerve is usually affected with herpes zoster infection? What does this cause?
Any division of CN V ma be involved, but V1 is most common. Causes corneal ulceration and scarring.
