Head

Question 1

Most common sx of a head injury

Answer 1

Disturbances in consciousness

Question 2

What are some serious intracranial problems associated with HAs

Answer 2

Tumor, SAH, meningitis

Question 3

What is neuralgia

Answer 3

Common cause of facial pain. Severe/throbbing pain along the course of a nerve caused by a demyelinating lesion.

Question 4

What is the science behind a black eye

Answer 4

A blow to the superciliary arch can cause bruising around the orbit, causing tissue, fluid, and blood to accumulate in the surrounding connective tissue, gravitating superiorly and around the eye.

Question 5

What is malar flush and what is it associated with

Answer 5

Redness of the skin over the zygomatic arch (malar eminence). Associated with fevers in TB and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 6

What bones are involved in a Le Fort I fx

Answer 6

Fx passes superior to roots of the upper teeth. Crossing the nasal septum and possibly the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid.

Question 7

What bones are involved in a Le Fort II fx

Answer 7

Fx passes from posterolateral parts of maxillary sinuses superomedially through the infra-orbital foramina, lacrimals, or ethmoids to the bridge of the nose.

Question 8

What is separated from the cranium in a Le Fort II fx

Answer 8

The entire central part of the face, including the hard palate and alveolar processes, are separated from the cranium.

Question 9

What bones are involved in a Le Fort III fx

Answer 9

Fx passes thru superior orbital fissures, the ethmoid, and nasal bones. Extends laterally to greater wing of sphenoid.

Question 10

What is separated from the cranium in a Le Fort III fx

Answer 10

Concurrent zygomatic arch fx causes maxillae and zygomatic bones to separate from rest of cranium.

Question 11

Describe a mandible coronoid process fx

Answer 11

Usually single and uncommon

Question 12

Describe a mandible neck fx

Answer 12

Transverse. May be associated with TMJ dislocation on the SAME side

Question 13

Describe a mandible angle fx

Answer 13

Oblique. May involve bony socket or alveolus of the 3rd molar tooth.

Question 14

Describe a body mandible fx

Answer 14

Pass through the socket of a canine tooth

Question 15

A hard blow to the jaw often causes ____

Answer 15

Often fractures the neck and body of the mandible in the region of the opposite canine tooth.

Question 16

what could cause the mental foramina to disappear

Answer 16

Extraction of mandibular teeth can cause the alveolar bone to resorb. Pressure from dental prosthesis may cause pain in eating bc its resting on exposed mental nerve.

Question 17

What usually minimizes a blow to the head

Answer 17

Convexity of the calvaria. But hard blows in thin places may produce a depressed fracture.

Question 18

Linear calvarial fracture

Answer 18

Most frequent. Occur at point of impact. Fx lines radiate away from it in 2 or more directions.

Question 19

Comminuted fractures

Answer 19

Bone is broken into several pieces. If calvaria is thick, bone may bend in without fx. But a fx may occur in a thinner calvaria spot.

Question 20

Countercoup (counterblow) fx

Answer 20

No fx occurs at point of impact, but there is one on the opposite side of the cranium

Question 21

What should you do with a bone flap after a craniotomy and when is regeneration best

Answer 21

Since adult pericranium has poor osteogenic properties, the bone flap are put back into place and wired to the calvaria. Regeneration is best when bone is reflected with muscle and skin.

Question 22

How do you perform mental and incisive nerve block and what does mental nerve supply.

Answer 22

Inject anesthesia into the mental foramen to block the mental nerve that supplies the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip from mental foramen to midline, including neck of chin.

Question 23

What foramen would you inject into to get a buccal nerve block

Answer 23

Into the retromolar fossa. Posterior to the 3rd mandibular molar tooth between anterior border of ramus and temporal crest.

Question 24

What 4 things are numb when you have a lesion of the entire trigeminal nerve

Answer 24

1. Corresponding anterior half of scalp
2. Face, corneal, and conjuctiva (except for akin over the angle of the mandible - mental N)
3. Mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and anterior part of tongue
4. Paralysis of mastication muscles

Question 25

Which nerve is usually affected with herpes zoster infection? What does this cause?

Answer 25

Any division of CN V ma be involved, but V1 is most common. Causes corneal ulceration and scarring.