Head Flashcards
Occipititalis
Origin: Superior nuchal line of occiput, mastoid of temporal
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: raises eyebrows
Innervation: posterior auricular nerve (facial nerve)
Frontalis
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: skin of frontal region
Action: wrinkles eyebrows
Innervation: facial nerve
Orbicularis oculi
Origin: frontal bone
Insertion: lateral palpebral raphe
Action: close eyelids
Innervation: zygomatic branch of facial nerve
Corrugator supercilii
Origin: Super ciliary arches
Insertion: forehead skin, near eyebrows
Action: wrinkles forehead
Innervation: facial nerve
Depressor supercilii
Origin: medial orbital rim
Insertion: medial aspect of bony orbit
Action: depresses eyebrows
Innervation: facial nerve
Levator palpebrae superioris
Origin: Sphenoid
Insertion: tarsal plate, upper eyelid
Action: retracts, elevates eyelids
Innervation: oculomotor nerve
Superior tarsal
Origin: underside of levator palpebral superioris
Insertion: superior tarsal plate of the eyelid
Action: raises the upper eyelid
Innervation: Sympathetic nervous system
Superior Rectus
Origin: annulus of Zinn @ orbital apex
Insertion: superior to corneal limbus
Action: elevates, adducts, and medially rotates eye
Innervation: oculomotor nerve
Inferior Rectus
Origin: annulus of Zinn @ orbital apex
Insertion: inferior to corneal limbus
Action: depression and adduction
Innervation: inferior branch of oculomotor
Medial Rectus
Origin: annulus of Zinn @ orbital apex
Insertion: medial to corneal limbus
Action: adducts eyeball
Innervation: inferior division of oculomotor
Lateral Rectus
Origin: annulus of Zinn @ orbital apex
Insertion: lateral to corneal limbus
Action: abducts eyeball
Innervation: abducens
Superior oblique
Origin: annulus of Zinn @ orbital apex
Insertion: outer posterior quadrant of eyeball
Action: intorsion, abduct, depress
Innervation: trochlear
Inferior Oblique
Origin: orbital surface of maxilla
Insertion: laterally to eyeball, deep to lateral rectus
Action: extorsion, elevation, abduction
Innervation: oculomotor nerve
Auriculares
Origin: galeal aponeurosis
Insertion: cranial surface of pinna
Action: wiggle ears
Innervation: facial nerve
Stapedius
Origin:
Insertion: Neck of stapes
Action: control amplitude of sound wave to inner ear
Innervation: facial nerve
Tensor tympani
Origin: eustachian tube
Insertion: handle of malleus
Action: tensing tympanic membrane
Innervation: medial pterygoid nerve of mandibular of trigeminal
Procerus
Origin: fascia over the lower nasal bone
Insertion: skin of lower part of forehead and between eyebrows
Action: draws medial angle of eyebrow down (frown)
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Nasalis
Origin: maxilla
Insertion: nasal bone
Action: compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Dilator naris
Origin: nasal notch of maxilla
Insertion: skin near margin of nostril
Action: dilation of nostrils
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Depressor sept nasi
Origin: incisive fossa of maxilla
Insertion: nasal septum
Action: depression of nasal septum
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: nostril and upper lip
Action: dilates nostril, elevates upper lip
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Levator anguli oris
Origin: maxilla
Insertion: modiolus of mouth
Action: smile
Innervation: facial nerve
Depressor anguli oris
Origin: tubercle of mandible
Insertion: modiolus of mouth
Action: depresses angle of mouth
Innervation: mandibular branch of facial nerve
Levator labii superioris
Origin: medial infra-orbital origin
Insertion: skin and muscle of upper lip
Action: elevates upper lip
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Depressor labii inferioris
Origin: oblique line of mandible
Insertion: lower lip, orbicularis oculi
Action: depresses lower lip
Innervation: facial nerve
Mentalis
Origin: Anterior mandible
Insertion: chin
Action: elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
Innervation: mandibular branch of facial nerve
Buccinator
Origin: alveolar processes of maxillary bone
Insertion: fibres of orbicularis oculi
Action: compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Orbicularis orbis
Origin: maxilla and mandible
Insertion: skin around lips
Action: pucker lips
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Risorius
Origin: parotid fascia
Insertion: modiolus
Action: draws back angle of mouth
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Zygomatic major
Origin: anterior zygomatic bone
Insertion: modiolus of mouth
Action: draws angle of mouth upward and lateral
Innervation: buccal branch of facial
Zygomatic minor
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin of upper lip
Action: elevates upper lip
Innervation: buccal branch of facial nerve
Masseter
Origin: zygomatic arch of maxilla
Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Action: elevation (closing mouth) retracting mandible
Innervation: masseteric nerve (V3)
Temporalis
Origin: temporal lines of parietal bones
Insertion: coronoid processes on mandible
Action: elevation (closing mouth) of retracting mandible
Innervation: Deep temporal nerve (V3)
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid palate
Insertion: condyle of mandible
Action: depresses mandible
Innervation: external pterygoid (V3)
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: medial to lateral pterygoid
Insertion: medial angle of mandible
Action: elevates mandible, closes jaw, moves jaws side to side
Innervation: medial (internal) pterygoid (V3)
Genioglossus
Origin: Mental spine of mandible
Insertion: dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
Action: protrude, depress, draw tongue back
Innervation: hypoglossal
Hyoglossus
Origin: hyoid
Insertion: side of tongue
Action: depresses tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve
Styloglossus
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: tongue
Action: elevate and retract tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve
Palatoglossus
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: tongue
Action: raising back part of tongue
Innervation: vagus and spinal accessory
Levator veli palatini
Origin: temporal bone, eustachian tube
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
Action: aids swallowing by lifting the soft palate
Innervation: vagus
Tensor veli palatini
Origin: medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
Action: aids in swallowing by controlling the tension of the soft palate
Innervation: medial pterygoid of V3
Uvulae
Origin: Hard palate
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
Action: moves and changes shape of uvula
Innervation: pharyngeal plexus
Palatoglossus
Origin: palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: tongue
Action: aids in respiration by raising back part of tongue
Innervation: vagus and spinal accessory
Palatopharyngeus
Origin: palatine aponeurosis, hard palate
Insertion: upper border of thyroid cartilage
Action: aids in respiration by pulling pharynx and larynx
Innervation: vagus and spinal accessory
Stylopharyngeus
Origin: Temporal styloid process
Insertion: thyroid cartilage (pharynx)
Action: elevate larynx and pharynx, swallowing
Innervation: *glossopharyngeal nerve
Note: only pharynx muscle innervated by above
salpingopharyngeus
Origin: eustachian tube
Insertion: pharyngopalatinus muscle
Action: raise nasopharynx
Innervation: vagus and spinal accessory
Inferior Pharyngeal
Origin: Cricoid and thyroid cartilage
Insertion: pharyngeal raphe
Action: swallowing
Innervation: *external pharyngeal branch of vagus
Note: only pharyngeal innervated by above
Middle Pharyngeal
Origin: hyoid
Insertion: pharyngeal raphe
Action: swallowing
Innervation: vagus
Superior Pharyngeal
Origin: Medial pterygoid plate
Insertion: pharyngeal raphe
Action: swallowing
Innervation: vagus
Cricothyroid
Origin: anterior lateral cricothyroid cartilage
Insertion: inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
Action: tension and elongation of vocal cords
Innervation: *external laryngeal branch of vagus
Note: only larynx muscle innervated by above
Arytenoid
Origin: arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: opposite arytenoid cartilage
Action: approximate sides of arytenoid cartilage
Innervation: recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
Thyroarytenoid
Origin: inner thyroid cartilage
Insertion: anterior arytenoid
Action: thickens vocals cords, affects speech
Innervation: recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
Cricoarytenoid muscles (posterior and anterior)
Origin: cricoid
Insertion: arytenoid
Action: opens and closes rima glottidis
Innervation: recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
