head

Question 1

Consider

Answer 1

a. intracranial and/or intracerebral hemorrhage,
b. neck/spine injuries,
c. facial/skull fractures, and
d. concussion;

Question 2

Observe for

Answer 2

a. fluid from ears/nose, e.g. cerebrospinal fluid,
b. mastoid bruising,
c. abnormal posturing,
d. periorbital ecchymosis,
e. agitation or fluctuating behaviour,
f. urinary/fecal incontinence, and
g. emesis;

Question 3

signs of cerebral herniation

Answer 3

deteriorating GCS <9 with any of the following:
1. Dilated and unreactive pupils,
2. Asymmetric pupillary response, or
3. A motor response that shows either unilateral or bilateral decorticate or decerebrate posturing,

Treatment - hyperventilate 1 breath 3 sec

Question 4

protruding brain tissue

Answer 4

cover with non-adherent material (e.g. moist, sterile
dressing; plastic wrap);

Question 5

cerebrospinal fluid leak

Answer 5

apply a loose 4x4 , sterile dressing over the source
opening;

Question 6

if pt is on a spinal board or break away stretcher

Answer 6

elevate the head 30 degrees; and
8. prepare for potential problems, including,
a. respiratory distress/arrest,
b. seizures,
c. decreasing level of consciousness, and
d. agitation or combativeness.