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Procedures: Head, Spine, and Pelvis > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

skull AP axial (Towne)

A

10x12 lengthwise

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR (or IOML)

CR 30-degrees caudal (37-degrees for IOML)
MSP, enters 2 1/2 in above glabella, passes through level of EAM

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of the skull

Respiration: suspend

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2
Q

skull AP axial (Towne)

evaluation criteria

A

dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes visible within foramen magnum

bony detail of occipital bone and surrounding soft tissues

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3
Q

skull lateral

A

10x12 crosswise

pt anterior oblique (upright or recumbent)
side of interest closest to IR, true lateral position

MSP parallel to IR
IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR
IPL perpendicular to IR

CR perpendicular
Enters 2 inches superior to EAM

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of the skull

Respiration: suspend

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4
Q

skull lateral

evaluation criteria

A

entire cranium without rotation or tilt

superimposed orbital roofs and greater wings of sphenoid

superimposed mastoid regions and EAM

no overlap of c-spine by mandible

bony detail of cranium and surrounding soft tissues

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5
Q

skull PA axial (Caldwell)

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR

CR 15-degrees caudal
MSP, exits @ nasion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull

Respiration: suspend

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6
Q

skull PA axial (Caldwell)

evaluation criteria

A

entire cranium without rotation or tilt

symmetric petrous ridges; lying in lower third of orbits

bony detail of frontal bone and surrounding soft tissues

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7
Q

skull PA

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR

CR perpendicular
MSP, exits @ nasion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull

Respiration: suspend

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8
Q

skull PA

evaluation criteria

A

entire cranium without rotation or tilt

symmetric petrous ridges; filling orbits

bony detail of frontal bone and surrounding soft tissues

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9
Q

skull SMV (Schuller)

A

10x12 lengthwise

extend pt’s neck to greatest extent achievable, top of head touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to IR

CR perpendicular to IOML
MSP, between angles of mandible, passes through point 3/4 inch anterior to level of EAM, directed through sella turcica

Collimation: 1/2 inch beyond shadow of tip of nose; 1 inch beyond lateral borders

Respiration: suspend

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10
Q 
skull SMV (Schuller)
evaluation criteria
A

entire cranium without tilt or rotation

symmetric petrosae

mental protruberance superimposed over anterior frontal bone

mandibular condyles anterior to petrosae

bony details of cranial base and surrounding soft tissues

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11
Q

skull PA axial (Haas)

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR

CR 25 degrees cephalic to OML
MSP, enters 1 1/2 inch below inion, exits approx. 1 1/2 inch superior to nasion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull

Respiration: suspend

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12
Q

skull PA axial (Haas)

evaluation criteria

A

entire cranium without rotation or tilt

symmetric petrous pyramids

dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum

bony detail of occipital bone and surrounding soft tissues

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13
Q

skull cross-table lateral (trauma)

A

pt recumbent; AFTER spinal injury ruled out, align IPL perpendicular to IR & MSP vertical

CR horizontal
Enters point 2 inches above EAM

Collimation 10x12

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14
Q

skull cross-table lateral (trauma)

evaluation criteria

A

affected side closer to IR shows more detail

with some injuries, air-fluid levels shown in sphenoid sinuses

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15
Q

skull AP axial (trauma) (reverse Caldwell)

A

pt recumbent

CR 15 degrees cephalic
Enters MSP @ nasion

Collimation: 10x12

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16
Q

skull AP axial (trauma) (reverse Caldwell)

evaluation criteria

A

anterior cranium

petrous ridges in lower third of magnified orbits

17
Q

skull AP (trauma)

A

pt recumbent

CR perpendiuclar to IR
Enters MSP @ nasion

Collimation: 10x12

18
Q 
skull AP (trauma)
evaluation criteria
A

posterior cranium

19
Q

skull AP axial (trauma) (Towne)

A

pt recumbent

CR 30 degrees caudal to OML or 37 degrees caudal to IOML
MSP, passes through EAM and exits foramen magnum

20
Q

skull AP axial (trauma) (Towne)

evaluation criteria

A

foramen magnum

21
Q

facial lateral

A

10x12 lengthwise

MSP parallel with IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR

CR perpendicular
Enters lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and EAM

Collimation: 1/2 inch beyond shadow of tip of nose, superiorly to 1/2 inch above supraorbital margins, inferiorly to gonion, posteriorly to EAM

Respiration: suspend

22
Q

facial lateral

evaluation criteria

A

all facial bones in their entirety with zygomatic bone in center

superimposed mandibular rami

superimposed orbital roofs

sella turcica in profile

23
Q

facial parietoacanthial (Waters)

A

10x12 lengthwise

tip of chin touching IR, neck extended (OML forms 37 degree angle with IR)

MML perpendicular to IR
MSP perpendicular to IR

CR perpendicular
MSP, exits acanthion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond shadows of lateral sides of face, superiorly to include supraorbital margins, inferiorly to level of chin

Respiration: suspend

24
Q 
facial parietoacanthial (Waters)
evaluation criteria
A

entire orbits and facial bones

petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses

25
Q

facial PA axial (Caldwell)

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
center IR to nasion

CR 15 degrees caudal
exits nasion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond lateral borders, superiorly to include supraorbital margins, inferiorly to the chin

Respiration: suspend

26
Q

facial PA axial (Caldwell)

evaluation criteria

A

symmetric petrous ridges lying in lower third or orbit

27
Q 
facial acanthioparietal (trauma) (reverse Waters)
evaluation criteria
A

superior facial bones

28
Q

mandible PA

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose on IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR

CR perpendicular
MSP, exits acanthion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond lateral sides, above TMJs, below chin

Respiration: suspend

29
Q

mandible PA

evaluation criteria

A

entire mandible

mandibular rami symmetric on each side

30
Q

mandible PA axial

A

10x12 lengthwise

forehead and nose on IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR

CR 20-25 degrees cephalic
MSP, exits acanthion

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond lateral borders, above TMJs, below chin

Respiration: suspend

31
Q

mandible PA axial

evaluation criteria

A

mandibular body and rami

entire mandible

condylar processes

32
Q

mandible PA (modified Waters)

A

10x12 lengthwise

nose and chin touching IR

MSP perpendicular to IR
AML nearly perpendicular to IR

CR perpendicular
MSP exits @ level of lips

Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond lateral sides, above TMJs, below chin

Respiration: suspend

33
Q 
mandible PA (modified Waters)
evaluation criteria
A

mandibular body symmetric on each side

Procedures: Head, Spine, and Pelvis (3 decks)

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