He is the Dutch Shopkeeper and obsses the movent 1600s Flashcards
antony Vanleeuwenhoek
He is the dutch shopkeeper and obses to the movement in 1600s
Anthony Vanleeuwenhoek
A type of single celled organism
Protista
it called animalcules
Sperm
In a 1665 publication called
Micrographia,
He is the scientist who coined the term “cell” for the box-like structures he observed when viewing cork tissue through a lens.
Robert Hooke
When did van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and protozoa?
1670s,
By the late 1830s, botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying?
tissues and proposed the unified cell theory.
The unified cell theory states that:
all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells. Rudolf Virchow later made important contributions to this theory.
Schleiden and Schwann proposed the?
spontaneous generation as the method for cell origination,
spontaneous generation are also called?
abiogenesis (was later disproven)
. Rudolf Virchow famously stated
“Omnis cellula e cellula”… “All cells only arise from pre-existing cells. “
The generally accepted portions of the modern Cell Theory are as follows:
The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Cells arise from other cells through cellular
division.
The expanded version of the cell theory can also include:
Cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular division
All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition
Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells
Cell Definition
Cells are the basic unit of life. In the modern world, they are the smallest known world that performs all of life’s functions. All living organisms are either single cells, or are multicellular organisms composed of many cells working together.
Cells are the smallest known unit that can accomplish all of these functions. Defining characteristics that allow a cell to perform these functions include:
A cell membrane that keeps the chemical reactions of life together.
At least one chromosome, composed of genetic material that contain the cell’s “blueprints” and “software.”
Cytoplasm – the fluid inside the cell, in which the chemical processes of life occur.
Function of Cells
Scientists define seven functions that must be fulfilled by a living organism. These are:
A living thing must respond to changes in its environment.
A living thing must grow and develop across its lifespan.
A living thing must be able to reproduce, or make copies of itself.
A living thing must have metabolism.
A living thing must maintain homeostasis, or keep its internal environment the same regardless of outside changes.
A living thing must be made of cells.
A living thing must pass on traits to its offspring.
Cell types
Prokaryote Eukaryotes
( Bacteria) ( plan cell and animal cell )
Organelles
Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a cell
Found in the cytoplasm
May or may not be membrane-bound
Cell or Plasma Membrane
Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Living layer
Phospholipids
Heads contain glycerol & phosphate and are hydrophilic (attract water)
Tails are made of fatty acids and are hydrophobic (repel water)
Make up a bilayer where tails point inward toward each other
Can move laterally to allow small molecules (O2, CO2, & H2O to enter)
Cell Membrane Proteins
Proteins help move large molecules or aid in cell recognition
Peripheral proteins are attached on the surface (inner or outer)
Integral proteins are embedded completely through the membrane
Cell Membrane in Plants
Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Pushes out against the cell wall to maintain cell shape
It is found outside of the cell membrane
-Nonliving layer
-Supports and protects cell
-Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria
Cell Wall
it is a jelly-like substance enclosed by a cell membrane
Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs
Cytoplas,
Controls the normal activities of the cell
Contains the DNA in chromosomes
Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
Usually the largest organelle
Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes
Genes control cell characteristics
Nucleus
