HDI Rankings Flashcards
NEWS
Human development is not solely focused on the pursuit of economic growth and maximizing wealth in the economy. Instead, it is centered around the idea of humanity, which involves expanding freedom, improving capabilities, promoting equal opportunities, and ensuring a prosperous, healthy, and lengthy life.
India is now one of the fastest-growing economies globally. However, this growth has not resulted in a corresponding increase in its Human Development Index (HDI). According to the Human Development Report of 2021-22, India ranks 132 out of 191 countries, behind Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Given India’s size and large population, it is critical to address the subnational or State-wise disparities in human development, which will help India realises its demographic dividend.
HDI
The HDI is a composite statistical measure created by the United Nations Development Programme to evaluate and compare the level of human development in different regions around the world.
It was introduced in 1990 as an alternative to conventional economic measures such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which do not consider the broader aspects of human development.
The HDI assesses a country’s average accomplishment in three aspects: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.
The subnational HDI shows that while some States have made considerable progress, others continue to struggle.
Delhi occupies the top spot and Bihar occupies the bottom spot.
Nonetheless, it is worth noting that Bihar, unlike the previous HDI reports, is no longer considered a low human development State.
OBSTACLES
Unevenly Distribution of Economic Growth:
One of the main reasons in achieving human development is that economic growth has been unevenly distributed.
The top 10% of the Indian population holds over 77% of the wealth.
This has resulted in significant disparities in access to basic amenities, healthcare and education.
Low Quality of Services:
Lack of Effective Educational Infrastructure:
Lack of Proper Nutrition:
Lack of Social Security:
Gender Inequality:
Despite progress in recent years, gender inequality remains a significant obstacle to human development in India. Women and girls face discrimination in areas such as education, employment, and access to health care, and are often subject to violence and abuse.
Male-female ratio for Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) declined from 1.43 in 1990 to 0.989 in 2021 and for Mean Years of Schooling (MYS), it declined from 1.26 to 1.06.
As per the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2022, women make up only 22% of the AI workforce.
UNDP
FORMED-1965
HQ- NEW YORK
INDIA IS A MEMBER
