HCT lab module 1.2 Flashcards
A protective response, designed to remove the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury
(e. g. microbes, toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e.g. necrotic cells and
tissues) .
Inflammation
The local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent that disturb the normal steady state.
inflammation
A dynamic process, evolving through several
phases that last from a few minutes to days or even months and years.
inflammation
Inflammation of sudden onset and short duration
acute inflammation
Inflammation lasts a long time
chronic inflammation
[T or F] Inflammation occurs only in multicellular organisms that are capable of mounting a neuromuscular and cellular response to injury
True
[T or F] Inflammation occurs only in living tissues.
True
[T or F] The inflammatory response is not closely intertwined with the process of repair.
false
4 cardinal signs of inflammation
State both roman and english name:
✓ rubor (redness)
✓ tumor (swelling);
✓ calor (heat); and
✓ dolor (pain)
Who presented the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? When was it introduced?
Roman writer Celsus in 1st century A.D.
Fifth sign of inflammation added by Virchow
functio laesa (loss of function)
[T or F] The word inflammation means flaming.
False - burning
is of short duration (lasting less than 2weeks) and represents the early body reaction, resolves quickly and is usually followed by healing.
Acute inflammation
is of longer duration and occurs either after the causative agent of acute inflammation persists for
a long time, or the stimulus is such that it induces chronic inflammation from the
beginning.
Chronic Inflammation
the type of chronic inflammation in which
during the course of the disease, there are acute exacerbations of activity.
chronic active inflammation
The three major components of acute inflammation are:
✓ alterations in vascular caliber that lead to an increase in blood flow;
✓ structural changes in the microvasculature that permit plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation; and
✓ emigration of leukocytes from the microcirculation, their accumulation in the focus of injury, and their activation to eliminate the offending agent
The major manifestations of acute
inflammation, compared to normal.
1 , Vascular dilation and increased blood flow (causing erythema and warmth);
2, extravasation and extravascular deposition of
plasma fluid and proteins(edema);
3, leukocyte emigration and accumulation in the site of injury.
Acute inflammatory response process can be divided into two:
I. Vascular events
II. Cellular events
The earliest response to tissue injury is the alteration in the microvasculature
- alterations include: hemodynamic changes and changes in vascular permeability
Vascular events
earliest features of inflammatory response result from changes in the vascular flow and calibre of small blood vessels in the injured tissue.
Hemodynaic Changes
Progression of hemodynamic changes:
- Transient vasoconstriction
- Persistent progressive vasodilation
- local hydrostatic pressure
- Slowing or stasis
- Leukocyte margination
occur immediately irrespective of the type of
injury. Mild form injury, the blood flow may be reestablished in 3-5 seconds, and in more
severe injury, the vasoconstriction may last for about 5 minutes.
Transient vasoconstriction
involves mainly the arterioles, but to a
lesser extent, affects other components of the microcirculation like venules and
capillaries. This can be seen within half an hour of injury.
- results in increased blood volume, which is responsible for the redness and warmth at the site of acute inflammation.
Persistent progressive vasodilation
results in transudation of fluid into the extracellular space. This is responsible for the swelling at
the local site of acute inflammation.
local hydrostatic pressure