HCP 9

Question 1

explain what will happen with sudden drops of blood pressure

Answer 1

see BP map

Question 2

what are the types of shock and give examples of each

Answer 2

Non progressive: neurohormonal mechanism help maintain BP baroreceptor reflex, catecholamine release, RAAS basically signs of good perfusion and signs of compensation -> with continued blood or volume loss -> progressive stage: tissue hypoperfusion, persistent hypoxia -> intracellular aerobic respiration replaced by anaerobic glycolysis -> lactic acid production -> decreased tissue pH -> blunts vasomotor response -> arterioles dilate -> blood pools in microcirculation -> decreases CO and increase risk for endothelial cells to develop anoxic injury -> tissue hypoxia -> vital organs begin to fail -> irreversible stage: incurred cellular and tissue injury -> survival not possible

Question 3

cutaneous blood flow

Answer 3

regulated by SNS, little effect by local metabolites

Question 4

skeletal muscle microcirculation

Answer 4

regulated by SNS at rest, local metabolites in exercise (K, Lactate, adenosine)

Question 5

coronary microcirculation

Answer 5

SNS causes vasoconstriction, local metabolites predominant regulation causes vasodilation, parasympathetic causes vasodilation

Question 6

cerebral microcirculation

Answer 6

major control metabolic control (adenosine, CO2) causes vasodilation, minor control PNS vasodilator, SNS constricts