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HCA Flash Cards > HCA 150 Test #1 > Flashcards

HCA 150 Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

List your five body cavities

A

Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Chest cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

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2
Q

What is between the chest cavity and abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphram

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3
Q

How many bones are in a human adult?

A

206

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4
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivots
Saddle

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Towards or front of body

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6
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from the middle of body,

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Side of body

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8
Q

Medial

A

Near the midline

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9
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

At the back of the body

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10
Q

Maximal

A

Nearest to the centre of body or points of origin

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11
Q

What are the four major microbes?

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasite

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12
Q

What are normal flora?

A

Micro organisms that naturally live in grow in a certain area of the body, but when they leave, they become pathogens.

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13
Q

Where can you find normal flora/good bacteria?

A

Skin, respiratory tract, digestive system, eyes, ears, vagina

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14
Q

What is an infection?

A

A disease resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body

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15
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

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16
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of infection?

A

Fever
Chills
Sores
Redness/swelling
Discharge
Cough/sore throat

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17
Q

What’s the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?

A

Medical asepsis is clean it kills pathogens
Surgical asepsis is sterile. Kills pathogens and spores

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18
Q

What are the three outcomes of an infection?

A

Person becomes a host but doesn’t get sick
Person contracts infection and get sick
Person is immune

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19
Q

What does a high calorie diet intel?

A

-3000-4000
-calorie it’s for weight gain or thyroid imbalance
-large amounts of regular food

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20
Q

Describe a high fibre diet.

A
  • for constipation and other gastrointestinal problems
    -Includes rice, oat, whole wheat bread…
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21
Q

Describe a diabetic diet.

A

The same amount of food the same time everyday to keep blood sugar levels constant

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22
Q

Describe a low colestrol diet

A

Food with no fat and are prepared without adding extra fat ie. cottage cheese, fish, butter milk.
helps with gallbladder, heart diseases, liver and pancreas

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23
Q

Describe a low sodium diet.

A

Foods with low sodium fruit veggies unsalted butter…
Helps with heart disease, fluid retention, liver, and some pancreas diseases

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24
Q

Difference between infection and inflammation

A

Infection is the invasion and growth of microbes in the body and inflammation. Is the bodies protective response to the infection

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25
Q

What are the signs of an inflammation?

A

-Redness
-Heat
-Swelling
-Pain
-Loss of function

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26
Q

What is a skin tear?

A

Skin tear happen when a layer of the skin separates or peels back

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27
Q

What is a pressure ulcer

A

Injuries that happen the the skin and soft tissues as a result of prolonged pressure excreted on the skin

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28
Q

What are the 4 stages of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage one - skin is intact (redness, over boney areas)

Stage 2 - are partial thickness skin loss ( skinny, crack blisters)

Stage 3 - area has a crater. Due to damage to the skin surface

Stage 4 - area is severely damaged and a large wound is present.

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29
Q

The signs of pressure ulcer

A

Pale gray skin
Swelling
Tender area
Pus like draining

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30
Q

What is the difference between a circulatory officer in a venous ulcer?

A

Circulatory ulcers are open wounds on the lower leg or feet cause by decrease flow of blood through arteries and vains venous ulcers are open wounds on lower legs and feet caused by poor blood returns through veins

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31
Q

What are the 4 types of bones and give examples of each

A

Long- femur, radius, fibula
Short - wrist, ankles
Flat - skull, pelvis
Irregular - vertebrae, hip bone

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32
Q

Name what connection of the musculoskeletal system from tendons to bones

A

Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
Muscles
Bones

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33
Q

Function of tendons

A

Connects muscle to bone

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34
Q

Function of the ligament

A

Connects bones to bones

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35
Q

Function of cartilage

A

Pads and cushions the ends of bones ( where’s of overtime)

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36
Q

Function of the bones

A

Creates the framework of our body

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37
Q

Function of the muscle

A

Connects to bones and moves bones

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38
Q

What is a fracture?

A

The partial or complete break and the bones

39
Q

What other things are damaged in fracture

A

Blood vessels, ligaments, muscles, and tendons

40
Q

What are four causes of a fracture

A

Falls
Trauma
Vehicle accident
Direct blow

41
Q

What is a closed reduction?

A

The process of lining up ends of fractured bones without the use of surgery i.e. cast

42
Q

What is an open reduction?

A

The realignment of broken bones through surgery

43
Q

What are signs of a UTI

A

Foul smelling urine
Pain and burning, when voiding
Hematuria blood in the urine
Fever and chills
Lower back pain

44
Q

What is the meaning of oliguria?

A

Scant amounts of urine

45
Q

What is the meaning of dysurie

A

Painful or difficulties voiding

46
Q

What are some causes of UTI?

A

Catheterization
urological exam
Poor perineal care
Poor Fluid intake

47
Q

List three ways to prevent UTI

A

Encourage fluid, intake
Monitor intake and output
Use correct ripe in techniques

48
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic

A

Acute illness occur suddenly and last short period of time while chronic illnesses occur over a long period of and can get worse over time

49
Q

How to prevent constipation

A

Push fluid
Increase fibre intake
Encourage movement

50
Q

Meaning Of dysphasia

A

Difficulty or impairment swallowing

51
Q

What is the meaning of aspiration?

A

Food or liquid entering the lungs when swallowing

52
Q

Meaning of aspiration, pneumonia

A

Bacterial pneumonia caused by aspiration

53
Q

Meaning of pneumonitis

A

Inflammation in the lungs

54
Q

What is a colostomy?

A

A colostomy is an opening created between the colon and the abdomen wall

55
Q

What is an ileostomy?

A

An ileostomy is a surgically created, opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall

56
Q

What is the difference between a occult blood and Frank blood?

A

Occult blood is old blood usually caused by bleeding in the upper abdomen while frank blood is fresh blood usually caused by bleeding in the lower abdomen

57
Q

Describe an urge incontinence

A

Having a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine

58
Q

Describe an overflow incontinence

A

Experiencing frequent and constant dribbling of urine due to a bladder that doesn’t empty completely

59
Q

Describe a functional incontinence

A

A physical or mental impairment that keeps you from making it to the bathroom on time

60
Q

Describe a mixed incontinence

A

Experiencing more than one type of incontinence

61
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Controls, reasoning, conscience, speech, voluntary muscle movements, vision, hearing, and sensation

62
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Regulates/coordinates body movements and balance

63
Q

Function of the brain stem

A

Controls heart rate, breathing, blood vessel size, swallowing, coughing, and vomiting

64
Q

What are the function of a dendrite?

A

Send and receives info and send it to the cell body

65
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Keeps the nerves alive

66
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Has a long extension carries info away from the cell and transmits info to different nerve or muscles and glands 

67
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Protect the nerves

68
Q

Describe the function of afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry info to the central nervous system

69
Q

Describe the function of an efferent nerves

A

Fibres that carry new neural impulse away from the spinal cord

70
Q

What does this sympathetic nervous system control?

A

mobilize the body in response to emergencies

71
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Helps the body conserve energy helps body return to normal activities

72
Q

What is a stroke

A

Sudden loss of brain function due to not enough oxygen to the brain

73
Q

What is the role of the cerebral cortex?

A

To control reasoning, consciousness, speech, voluntary muscle movements, vision hearing sensation

74
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Regulates and coordinate body movement and balance

75
Q

What is the role of the brain stem?

A

Control, heart breathing blood vessels, coughing, swallowing, and vomiting

76
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

A

Language logic, and reasoning, computation

77
Q

What is the function of the right side of the brain?

A

Face recognition, Music, art

78
Q

What does your peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Somatic and autonomic

79
Q

What is our somatic nervous system?

A

It’s consists of nerves that connect to volunteering skeletal muscles and sensory receptors

80
Q

What is the difference between afférent and efferent

A

Afferent Are nerves that carry information to the central nervous system
Efferent nerves are fibres that carry neural impulses away from the spinal cord

81
Q

Function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Mobilizes the body to respond to emergencies

82
Q

Function of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Helps conserve the bodies, energy and return the body to normal activities

83
Q

What are the four components of a nerve

A

The dendrite, nucleus axon, myelin sheath

84
Q

Function of dendrite

A

Send and receive info and send it to the cell body

85
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

To keep the nerve alive

86
Q

Function of the axon

A

Carries information away from the cell and transmit it to different neurons, muscles and glands

87
Q

Function of myelin sheath

A

Protect the nerve

88
Q

What causes stroke?

A

Loss of function in the brain, due to some kind of interruption, where there’s not enough oxygen in the brain

89
Q

What causes multiple sclerosis?

A

Damage to myelin sheath that decreases nerve function

90
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

Inherited degenerative brain disease

91
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Long-term breakdown of brain cells that causes impairment in motor and non-motor movements

92
Q

Difference between hypertension and hypotension

A

Hypertension is high blood pressure with a BP of 140/90 and hypertension is low blood pressure with a BP of 90/40

93
Q

What is myocardial infraction?

A

Heart tissue dies due to lack of oxygen

94
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

Lung disease, causing, restricted, airflow, and breathing problems

HCA Flash Cards (3 decks)

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