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HBS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body surface; more internal

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2
Q

Directional Terms

A

Terms used to explain where one body structure is in relation to another

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3
Q

Distal

A

Situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central point; located away from the center of the body

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior part of the human body

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5
Q

Identity

A

The distinguishing character or personality of an individual

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6
Q

Inferior

A

Situated below and closer to the feet than another and especially another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Of or relating to the side; especially of a body part

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8
Q

Medial

A

Lying or extending in the middle; especially of a body part

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Situated at or toward the hind part of the body

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10
Q

Proximal

A

Situated next to or near the point of attachment or origin or a central point

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11
Q

Regional Terms

A

Anatomical terms that refer to specific visible landmarks on the surface of the body

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12
Q

Superficial

A

Of, relating to, or located near the surface

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13
Q

Superior

A

Situated toward the head and further away from the feet than another and especially another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being

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14
Q

System

A

A group of body organs it structures that together perform one or more vital functions

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15
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; opposite of dorsal

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16
Q

Anterior

A

Situated toward the front of the body

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17
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat

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18
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs and limb gridles that are attached to the axial skeleton

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19
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The skeleton of the trunk and head

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20
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix.

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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities

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22
Q

Femur

A

The proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that is the longest largest bone in the human body, extends from the hip to the knee

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23
Q

Forensic Anthropology

A

The branch of physical anthropology in which anthropological data,criteria, and techniques are used to determine sex, age, genetic population, or parentage of skeletal or biological materials in questions of civil or criminal law

24
Q

Humerus

A

The longest bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow

25
Q

Pelvis

A

A basin shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebraes that is formed by the pelvic girdle together with the sacrum and often various coccygeal and caudal vertebrae and that in humans is composed of the two hip bones bounding it on each side and in front while the sacrum and coccyx complete it behind

26
Q

Skull

A

The skeleton of the head forming a bony case that encloses and protects the brain and chief sense organs and supports the jaws

27
Q

Agarose

A

A polysaccharides obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.

28
Q

Biometrics

A

The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity.

29
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.

30
Q

Gel Electrophoresis

A

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

31
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.

32
Q

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

A

Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).

33
Q

Brain Stem

A

The part of the brain composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum.

34
Q

Central nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe.

36
Q

Cerebrum

A

The dorsal portion, composed of right and left hemispheres, of the vertebrate forebrain; the integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex function of the central nervous system.

37
Q

Gyrus

A

A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.

38
Q

Limbic System

A

A group of subcortical structures (as the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned especially with emotion and motivation.

39
Q

Lobe

A

A division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface.

40
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system and comprises the cranial nerves excepting the optic nerve, the spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system.

41
Q

Phrenology

A

The study of the conformation of the skull based on the belief that it is indicative of mental faculties and character.

42
Q

Sulcus

A

A shallow furrow on the surface of the brain separating adjacent gyri.

43
Q

Accommodation 12

A

The automatic adjustment of the eye for seeing at different distances

44
Q

Astigmatism 15

A

rays from a point to fail to meet in a focal point resulting in a blurred and imperfect image.

45
Q

Blind spot 9

A

The small circular area in the retina where the optic nerve enters the eye that is devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light.

46
Q

Cone 3

A

function in color vision.

47
Q

Cornea 7

A

transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior.

48
Q

Depth Perception 10

A

The ability to judge the distance of objects and the spatial relationship of objects at different distances.

49
Q

Hyperopia 13

A

vision is better for distant than for near objects – called also farsightedness

50
Q

Iris 6

A

in front of the lens of the eye, anterior surface which determines the color of the eyes.

51
Q

Lens 1

A

A curved piece ,forming an image by focusing rays of light.

52
Q

Myopia 14

A

defective vision of distant objects – called also nearsightedness.

53
Q

Optic nerve 8

A

conduct visual stimuli to the brain.

54
Q

Pupil 5

A

opening in the iris, which admits light

55
Q

Refraction 11

A

The deflection from a straight path

56
Q

Retina 4

A

containing the rods and cones, receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals

57
Q

Rod 2

A

responsive to faint light.

Bio Medical Sciences (1 decks)

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