HBS

Question 1

What is the Cerebrum?

Answer 1

Center for memory, emotions, learning, and other highly complex function of the central nervous system.

Question 2

What is the Cerebellum?

Answer 2

Specializes with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.

Question 3

What is the Endocrine System?

Answer 3

The glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions, help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.

Question 4

What glands belong to the endocrine system?

Answer 4

The pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes.

Question 5

What are chemical disruptors?

Answer 5

Chemicals that interfere with the body’s hormones. They can mimic, block, or increase or decrease hormone levels.

Question 6

Examples of chemical disruptors?

Answer 6

EDCs can be found in many everyday products, including cosmetics, food packaging, and toys.

Question 7

What is Estrogen?

Answer 7

Estrogen is a group of female sex hormones that play a role in the development of the female reproductive system. It is produced by the ovaries, with smaller amounts also coming from the adrenal glands.

Question 8

What are Glands?

Answer 8

Organs located throughout the body that produce and release substances such as hormones, digestive juices, tears, sweat, saliva, or milk.

Question 9

What is Glucagon?

Answer 9

A hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin

Question 10

What are Hormones?

Answer 10

A signaling molecule produced by glands. A hormone induces a specific effect on the activity of cells.

Question 11

What is Insulin?

Answer 11

A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas; essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood

Question 12

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 12

The lowermost part of the brainstem, connecting the brain to the spinal cord, and is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting.

Question 13

What is Progesterone?

Answer 13

Progesterone is a natural hormone primarily produced in the ovaries and placenta, big in the female reproductive system, particularly in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, -men produce in their adrenal glands and testes. It’s important for men’s reproductive health, mood, and cardiovascular health.

Question 14

What are ovaries?

Answer 14

produce eggs for fertilization and create the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and play a crucial role in female development and reproduction

Question 15

What is the Pancreas?

Answer 15

The pancreas produces digestive juices and insulin, as well as other hormones to do with digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Question 16

What is the pineal gland?

Answer 16

small, pinecone-shaped gland located in the center of the brain. Its primary function is to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin, sleep wake cycle.

Question 17

What does the Pituitary Gland do?

Answer 17

the “master gland” by producing and releasing hormones that control numerous important bodily functions, including growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response

Question 18

What is a Reaction?

Answer 18

An action performed in response to a stimulus

Question 19

What is a reflex?

Answer 19

An automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and thence outward to an effector (as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain

Question 20

What are the testes?

Answer 20

The testes are responsible for making sperm and are also involved in producing a hormone called testosterone. Testosterone is an important hormone during male development and maturation for developing muscles, deepening the voice, and growing body hair

Question 21

Testosterone?

Answer 21

male sex hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics. It is produced primarily in the testicles, with smaller amounts also produced by the adrenal glands.

Question 22

Thyroid Gland?

Answer 22

Produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate, growth and development. It plays a role in controlling heart, muscle and digestive function, brain development and bone maintenance.

Question 23

What is the Thymus?

Answer 23

a small organ in the chest that produces white blood cells called T cells. T cells are an important part of the immune system, helping the body fight infection and disease.

Question 24

Provide an example of how delayed reaction times can impact other body systems. Give specific
examples.

Answer 24

Driving, delayed reaction times affects the ability of the nervous system to process sensory information and send motor commands to muscles quickly. If a driver has a delayed reaction to seeing a red light or an obstacle, it increases the risk of accidents.

Sports, delayed reaction times can impact muscle coordination. For example, a basketball player who is slow to react to a sudden pass may fail to catch the ball. Muscles may not contract or relax in the right sequence if the brain is not signaling quickly enough, reducing the effectiveness of movement or even leading to injury.

In situations where the body needs to quickly increase oxygen intake (such as during intense physical activity), delayed reactions in respiratory control may lead to insufficient oxygen delivery to muscles and tissues. For example, during intense physical exertion, if a person’s body does not react quickly enough to increase breathing rate, oxygen levels could drop, leading to dizziness, fatigue, or even fainting.

Question 25

What factors impact a person’s reflex time? How is that different from the factors in reaction time?

Answer 25

Age- Reflexes tend to slow with age Fit- A physically fit person often has faster reflexes because the neural pathways for movement are well-maintained and more efficient, Fatigue, Genetics, Alc or Drugs, Temperature Reflex time is automatic and unconscious, while reaction time involves a conscious decision-making process. ex- Reflex Time: Quickly pulling your hand away from a hot stove (unconscious and immediate response). Reaction Time: Deciding to brake when you see a red light while driving (involves perception and decision-making).

Question 26

How can an endocrine system issue cause problems in another body system?

Answer 26

because hormones regulate a variety of functions, including metabolism, growth, mood, and reproduction. When the endocrine system is not functioning properly, it can cause imbalances that affect other systems in the body. Ex- Hormone Imbalance in Ovaries/Testes: PCOS-muscoskeletal decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures,

Question 27

How might having an endocrine disorder affect a persons mental health?

Answer 27

due to the central role hormones play in regulating mood, energy levels, cognition, and stress responses. Hormonal imbalances often result in changes to brain chemistry, which can manifest in various mental health symptoms. Ex: Women with PCOS are more likely to experience depression and anxiety due to hormonal imbalances, changes in appearance (such as excessive hair growth or acne), and challenges with fertility. Infertility stress, body image issues.

Question 28

Describe an example that illustrates this statement: “Some hormones control the release of other homones.

Answer 28

H P A: Hypothalamus detects stress and releases CRH CRH goes through the bloodstream to the pituitary gland which releases ATCH into the bloodstream Finally the ACTH reaches the adrenal glands for them to release cortisol which is a hormone that helps the body manage stress and blood sugar levels.