Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HB E 21 > HB E 01 Word > Flashcards

HB E 01 Word Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Physical conditions and non-living resources

Eg Climate, weather soil, nutrients, light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adaptation

A

Evolutionary process

leads to the development or persistence of an organism’s behavior and ability to survive / reproduce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ancient Woodland

A

Continually wooded since before 1600 (in England).

Semi-natural ancient woodland is dominated by naturally regenerated native trees and shrubs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autotrophs

A

Obtain energy from an inorganic source i.e. sunlight or inorganic chemical energy.

i.e. Plants, some bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or the entire earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biomass

A

Total weight of all the living organisms, or a designated group of living organisms, in a given area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biotic

A

living organisms. They can also influence the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calcicole

A

Plant species confined to soils with high (alkaline) pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcifuge

A

Plant species confined to soils with low (acidic) pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clade

A

A group of biological taxa (as species) that include all the descendents of one common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Altruism

A

Behaviour of an animal that benefits another at its own expense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phenotype

A

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Endemic

A

Exclusively native to a particular place or biota.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biota

A

The animal and plant life of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Climax Community

A

Plant community existing at the stable end point of succession.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Commensalism

A

Association between two individuals of different species in which one benefits and the other does not gain benefit or disadvantage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Community

A

The individuals from a number of species in a particular locality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Competition

A

Relationship between individuals using the same resource to each other’s disadvantage. Competition may be exploitation (directly through the depletion of the resource) or interference (through one individual interfering with another’s access to the resource).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

A result of competition between two species for a limiting resource in which one species completely eliminates the other. Ecologically identical species cannot co-exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conditions

A

Abiotic factors influencing the external environment of an organism and, as a consequence, the organism’s functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conservation

A

To sustain and develop habitats and species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Decomposers

A

Heterotrophic micro-organisms that break down dead organic matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Detritivores

A

Animals that eat dead and usually decaying organic matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Distribution

A

The spatial range of a species, usually on a geographic scale but sometimes on a smaller scale, or the arrangement or spatial pattern of species over its habitat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions with the environment (including with each other) which cause these patterns of distribution and abundance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ecosystem

A

A system of living organisms and their physical and chemical environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ectotherms

A

Organisms that rely on external heat sources to regulate body temperature or do not regulate temperature at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Endotherms

A

Organisms that maintain a roughly constant body temperature by generating internal heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins produced by cells that act as catalysts in biochemical processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Evolution

A

Change in the characteristics of a species over time and the development of new species through reproductive isolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Fecundity

A

Number of seeds, eggs or offspring produced by an individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Food chain

A

A simple expression of feeding relationships in a community, starting with plants and ending with top carnivores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Food web

A

A network of feeding relationships within a community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Habitat

A

The type of environment that an organism inhabits.

38
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that eat plant material only.

39
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain energy from complex organic compounds that have been synthesised by other organisms. I.e. Organisms that eat plants and/or other animals.

40
Q

Hibernation

A

The state of inactivity of some animals during the winter; marked by a drop in body temperature and metabolic rate

41
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between members of two or more species

42
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition among members of a single species

43
Q

Invertebrate

A

Lacking a backbone, hence an animal without bones e.g. insect, mollusc, jellyfish, worm.

44
Q

Legume

A

Plant of the Pea family that forms root nodules containing nitrogen fixing bacteria.

45
Q

Life cycle

A

The entire span of life of an organism from the moment of fertilization (or asexual generation) to the time it reproduces in turn.

46
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The rate at which the chemical reactions within the cell or organism take place.

47
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the cell or and organism.

48
Q

Microhabitat

A

A habitat that is really small e.g. a flower head, underneath the bark of a tree.

49
Q

Migration

A

The regular, seasonal movements of animals between breeding and non-breeding ranges.

50
Q

Mitochondrial DNA

A

This is the DNA that is transferred through the mitochondria of the egg in reproduction. It is not the same DNA as the chromosomes that mix to create the unique individual (50% each from the egg and sperm). Mitochondrial DNA is therefore passed through the generations via the females and is used for plotting evolutionary pathways.

51
Q

Mutualism

A

Association between two individuals of different species in which both benefit.

52
Q

Mycorrhiza

A

Fungi developing a mutualistic association with plant roots.

53
Q

Natural Selection

A

Differences in reproductive success in nature leading to an increase in the frequency of some genes or gene combinations and to a decrease in the frequency of others (‘Survival of the Fittest’). The mechanism for evolution proposed by Charles Darwin.

54
Q

Niche

A

The role played by an organism within a community or ecosystem. The fundamental niche is the range of conditions that can be tolerated and the resources that can be utilised. The realised niche is the proportion of the fundamental niche actually occupied as a result of competition.

55
Q

Nutrient – Micro, macro

A

A nutrient is a chemical that an organism needs to live and grow, or a substance used in an organism’s metabolism which must be taken in from its environment.
Macronutrients are those used by the body in large amounts (e.g. Carbohydrate).
Micronutrients are those used by the body in small amounts (e.g. Calcium).

56
Q

Parasitism

A

Relationship between two individuals of different species where one member benefits and the other is disadvantaged (although not killed until at least after the parasite has successfully reproduced).

57
Q

pH

A

A scale from one to fourteen of acidity (1-6) and alkalinity (8-14), 7 being neutral. Actually stands for ‘potential of hydrogen’ and is on a log scale.

58
Q

Podzols

A

Free draining, acidic soil where long term leaching has occurred.

59
Q

Pioneers

A

Initial plant community in succession, often well adapted to specific abiotic problems associated with a particular substrate.

60
Q

Plagioclimax

A

Community maintained in a preclimax state, e.g. by fire, grazing or human interference.

61
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of a particular species existing in a particular locality.

62
Q

Predation

A

The act of one animal (predator) catching and consuming another (prey).

63
Q

Primary Production

A

The process by which green plants capture light energy from the sun through photosynthesis. Gross primary production is the total amount of energy captured. Net primary production is the fraction of gross production that remains after the organism has used energy for its maintenance - this can be used for growth.

64
Q

Quadrat

A

A square shaped piece of equipment used to define a given area whilst carrying out a survey e.g. 1 meter quadrat is a wooden or metal or string square 1 meter by 1 meter.

65
Q

Resources

A

A commodity that is used by an organism and can therefore be in short supply and the subject of competition. Eg. Food, light, space.

66
Q

Species

A

One of the basic units of biological classification in taxonomy. Usually defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. This mostly works but sometimes the definition can be less distinct and similarity of DNA, morphology or ecological niche may be more appropriate. Presence of specific locally adapted traits may further subdivide species into subspecies.

67
Q

Stomata

A

Pores on the surface of plant leaves or stems used for gaseous exchange.

68
Q

Succession

A

The gradual change and development of an ecosystem over time.
Primary succession starts from a bare uncolonised surface.
Secondary succession on a previously colonised substrate which may still contain plant seeds and organic matter

69
Q

Sustainable

A

To keep going continuously e.g. population. Sustainable development – to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.

70
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a hierarchical structure or classification scheme.

71
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Regulating the body temperature (see Ectotherms and Endotherms).

72
Q

Transect

A

A line along which you travel whilst collecting data during a survey.

73
Q

Vertebrate

A

An animal whose nerve cord is enclosed in a backbone of bony segments called vertebrae i.e. fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

74
Q

Xerophytes

A

Non-succulent plants with a range of adaptations making them drought tolerant.

75
Q

Linnean System

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

76
Q

Phylogeny

A

The history of organismal lineages as they change through time - Tree of Life

77
Q

Biodiversity hotspot

A

1) at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics

2) 30% or less of its original natural vegetation

78
Q

Gleys

A

Mineral soils - frequent or constant waterlogging

79
Q

Podzols

A

Heavy rainfall results in material being washed out and redeposited at greater depth

80
Q

Peat

A

Pure organic soils where organic matter has accumulated because of waterlogging

81
Q

Brown Earths

A

Free draining soils with distinct mineral/organic and mineral layers are called

82
Q

Osmolarity

A

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per litre

83
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in a variable external environment

84
Q

Dicotyledons

A

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided.

The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

85
Q

Edaphic

A

Produced by, or influenced by the soil.

86
Q

Epiphytes

A

Organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.

87
Q

Lianas

A

Climbing vine found throughout tropical rainforests. They begin life on the forest floor but depend on trees for support as they climb upwards towards the sunlight they need for survival.

88
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Diverse in character or content.

89
Q

Symbiotic mutualism

A

Occurs when organisms live together in close physical association

90
Q

Obligate mutualism

A

Involves permanent pairings in which one or both partners cannot lead an independent life

91
Q

Conspecific

A

Belonging to the same species.

92
Q

Heterogeneity

A

The quality or state of being diverse in character or content.

HB E 21 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions