HB-cognitive and moral development Flashcards
Ages 0-2 is what stage of Piaget?
sensorimotor
Ages 2-7 is what stage of piaget?
preoperational
What are characteristics of the sensorimotor (0-2) piaget stage?
rudimental thought, object permanence
Age 0-2 is what stage of kohlberg?
What are the characteristics of this stage?
preconventional morality (stage 1 and stage 2) punishment avoidant obey rules for personal gain
Do children lack intelligence?
no they lack the ability to think the way an adult does
Age 2-7 is what stage of kohlberg?
What are the characteristics of this stage?
Conventional Morality Stage 3 Stage 4 Good Boy / Good Girl – Obey rules for approval Obey rules to maintain social order
Age 7-12 is what stage of Piaget
What are the characteristics of this stage?
Concrete operational
Concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space, and quality are understood and can be applied, but not applied as independent concepts
Age 12+ is what stage of Piaget
What are the characteristics of this stage?
Formal Operational
Theoretical, hypothetical and counter factual thinking. Abstract logic and reasoning.
Age 12+ is what stage of Kohlberg
What are the characteristics of this stage?
Post Conventional Morality
Stage 5
Stage 6
Rules are obeyed if they are impartial, democratic rules are challenged if they infringe of the rights of others
The individual establishes his or her own rules in accordance with a personal set of ethical principals
What are these:
children have intelligence
discrete stages of development (qualitative differences)
progressive reorganization of mental processes as chldren grow
Piagets basic concepts
What are these:
The basic building blocks of intelligent behavior
a set of linked mental representations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations
Scripts
schema
What kind of schema do newborns have?
innate (sucking, grasping rooting)
What are the three things that are used to adapt to the world?
assimilate
accommodate
equilibrium
what is this:
Using existing schema to deal with new information
assimilation
What is this:
when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.
accommodation
What is this:
When a child’s schema can deal with new information through assimilation. Force which drives development and leaning
equilibrium
(blank) occurs when information cannot fit into an existing schema through assimilation.
Disequilibrium
What is this:
Reflexes – repeat acts which get needs met
Egocentrism
Basic feelings – sad, happy
Magical Thinking
Object permanence achieved around 8 months
Piagets theory:
sensorimotor (birth-2 years)
What is this: mentally represent events and objects (the semiotic function), and engage in symbolic play. Their thoughts and communications are typically egocentric (i.e. about themselves). Can only focus on one aspect of problem Hasn’t mastered conservation Magical Thinking
Piagets theory;
preoperational (2-7 years)
When does object permanence (recognition that if something isn’t in their vision, it is still present in the world) get achieved?
8 months
What is this: Beginning of logical thought Mastery of conservation and classification Seriation Concrete problem solving
concrete operational (7-12)
What is this:
Capable of abstraction
Thought is flexible
Formal Operational (12 – adult)
(blank) believed Moral Development continued beyond childhood
kohlberg
(blank) are constantly moving forward unless the development is impeded by something
children
Once children move forward they cannot go back according to paiget T or F?
T
What are the three stages of moral development
Preconventional
conventional
postconventional
What are the 2 stages of preconventional morality (0-2 up to 9) ?
Stage 1 (obedience and punishment driven) Stage 2 (self interest driven)
What stage does this belong to:
heteronomous – strict adherence to rules with an inability to see another’s perspective
Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment
Focused on direct consequences of actions
Stage 1 of preconventional morality
obedience and punishment driven
What stage does this belong to: Follow rules for personal gain (reward) Beginning to see another’s perspective Trading for what they want Does what they perceive as best
Stage 2 of preconventional morality
self interest driven
What is conventional morality?
satisfaction of own needs, desire to please others-intent “i didnt mean to”
What is preconventional morality?
the egocentric perspective, concrete
What are the 2 stages of conventional morality?
stage 3 -> interpersonal accord and conformity driven
stage 4 -> authority and social order obedience driven
What are the characteristics of stage 3 of conventional morality?
“Good Girl / Good Boy”
Focused on meeting social expectations – rule obeyed for approval
Opinions shaped by family rather than society
Beginning of empathy and trust and love
“right, mom?”
What are the characteristics of stage 4 of conventional morality?
Consider general society and follow laws
Beyond need for approval
struggle when societal laws conflict with basic human rights
Deal with breaking law or conform
What is this a priniciple of:
People make decisions separate from society
Follow their own guidelines
view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms—ideally rules can maintain the general social order and protect human rights
post-conventional individuals elevate their own moral evaluation of a situation over social conventions, their behavior, especially at stage six, can be confused with that of those at the pre-conventional level
postconventional morality
What are the two stages of postconventional morality?
stage 5 -> social contract driven
stage 6-> universal ethical principals driven
What are these principles of:
World holds different rights and laws and all should be respected
Laws are social contracts and those that are not for the greater good (helping the greatest number of people) should be changed
The basis of a Democratic government
stage 5 social contract driven of postconventional morality
What are these principals of:
Laws are valid only insofar as they are grounded in justice, and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to disobey unjust laws
Decisions are made on a case by case basis based upon empathy
the individual acts because it is right, and not because it is instrumental, expected, legal, or previously agreed upon
stage 6 of postconventional morality
universal ehtical principals driven
