HB Changing Places

Question 1

What is are near and far places?

Answer 1

Near - Somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physically close either by virtue or being easily accessible or spatially close.

Far - Somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physically distant or inaccessible.

Question 2

What are experienced and media places?

Answer 2

Experienced - A place you have visited and experienced with all your senses.

Media - Somewhere that you have heard about in the news, read about in a book, seen on TV and therefore experienced through someone else’s gaze (/only exists in media)

Question 3

What are locations and locales?

Answer 3

Location - A physical point on a map.

Locale - A place where everyday activities occur. These do not exist in isolation.

Question 4

What is a sense of place?

Answer 4

What feeling the place gives to different people, e.g. Locals, youth, elderly, tourists etc.

Question 5

What are insiders and outsiders?

Answer 5

Insider - When we live in a place, we become familiar with the streets and buildings. This enables us to feel “at home”.

Outsider - Those who are new to a place, such as tourists or refugees.

Question 6

What is placelessness?

Answer 6

Landscapes that lack cultural diversity and impersonal (nobody identifies with them)

Question 7

What are endogenous and exogenous factors?

Answer 7

Endogenous - A key aspect of a place’s local geography (physical or human) that helps to shape its unique character e.g. geology.

Exogenous - A relationship with another place/s that help to shape the unique character of a place e.g. membership of the EU allowing the flow of people, resources, money and ideas.

Question 8

What is rebranding?

Answer 8

Developing a place to reposition its image and change people’s view of it, helping to sell the place to a target audience.

Question 9

What is place making?

Answer 9

A way of involving everyone in a community to create a place that displays their culture and views.

Question 10

What is homogenisation?

Answer 10

The process whereby places and social characteristics become more similar to each other so that they eventually become indistinguishable.

Question 11

What is gentrification?

Answer 11

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process.

Question 12

What does genius loci mean?

Answer 12

It is a term used by planners to describe the key characteristics of a place, with which any new developments must concur.

Question 13

How was Amsterdam rebranded?

Answer 13

• Three main aspects of rebranding –> Culture, Creativity & Innovation.
• Three main categories of people –> Locals, Businesses and Tourists.
• Iamsterdam sign spreading tourism.

Question 14

Amsterdam Case Study

Answer 14

Ethnicities and Religions:

• Recruitment Agreement 1964 - Signed between NL, Morocco & Turkey to solve the labour shortage and unemployment in all involved countries.
• Dutch Colonies - Large immigration from the Dutch Antilles, Suriname and Indonesia.
• EU Expansion - Most recently the 2004 expansion for the Baltic states.
• Majority of population has no religion.
• Biggest religions are Christianity and Islam.

Tourism:

• Large number of tourist attractions in and around the city (e.g. Rijksmuseum, Anne Frank House, Keukenhof etc)
• Attractions are spread around the city to spread the tourism and associated income.
• ‘Party City’ due to red light district, coffee shops, bars etc. This has negatively affected the city through increased damage both environmentally, socially and physically.
• Increasing annual number of tourist leading to problems with over tourism.

Age:

• Large working class population
• Increasing grey pressure (3.26 people aged 20-65 for every 1 person aged 65+)
• Ageing population resulting in more money being put towards healthcare etc for the elderly (e.g. dementia villages).

Rebranding:

• Involving locals, businesses and tourists
• 3 main aspects of the city –> culture, creativity & innovation
• Main emphasis on making it a city full of business, art, knowledge and more.
• Main understatement on drugs, sex and R & R.
• Iamsterdam sign is used to display the togetherness and sense of community in the city. Gives locals a connection and meaning to the city. Sign regularly moves to spread the tourism.

Question 15

London Case Study

Answer 15

Before:

• Brown field site with derelict industry
• Transport links (Stratford station & A12)
• Deprived area –> High unemployment (7.8%), Low family income than London avg (28,900 then 37,000), Low literacy rate (51% –> 14% with no qualifications)
• Multicultural –> Largest ethnic group is Asian & Asian British, Islam is 2nd largest religion

Olympics:
- Athlete’s village was repurposed into 2818 new affordable housing
- Media centre was repurposed after the games to bring new jobs into the area
- Westfield shopping mall pushed out small locally run businesses for larger branded businesses
QEOP was created to give a large open green space into the area
- Total funding of £11.3 billion –> primarily from the government
- 3 aims where based around wealth, healthier lifestyles and improved neighbourhoods/housing

Positives:
- QEOP

Negatives:

• Social-cleansing of the lower class/income families due to the gentrification
• Large eviction of local residents (primarily elderly residents) who are relocated to a different part of the country
• The ‘affordable’ housing is still very expensive and therefore many local residents are priced out.