hazards test

Question 1

geophysical hazard

Answer 1

land processes e.g. earthquakes, volcanic eruptions

Question 2

atmospheric hazard

Answer 2

climatic processes e.g. cyclones, droughts, wildfires

Question 3

hydrological hazard

Answer 3

water processes e.g. floods and avalanches

Question 4

perception of hazards may be affected by:

Answer 4

• wealth
• religion
• education
• past experience
• personality

Question 5

fatalism

Answer 5

people believe that hazards are just part of life e.g. Haiti 2010

Question 6

domination

Answer 6

hazards are predictable and can be better understood by research e.g. Japan, USA

Question 7

adaption

Answer 7

people can change to reduce impacts e.g. Thailand, Bangladesh

Question 8

main stages of park model

Answer 8

1) pre disaster, before the event

2) disruption, during and directly after the hazard occurs

3) relief, rescue efforts focus on saving people

4) rehabilitation, resolving long term problems e.g. providing shelter and aid

5) reconstruction, rebuilding either to same standard or better standard

Question 9

positives of park model

Answer 9

• shows how quality of life is affected
• steepness of downwards curve
  depends on the nature of an event
• shows how a range of management strategies can be used over time

Question 10

negatives of park model

Answer 10

• criticised for not accounting for different levels of economic development
• some hazards done always have an upward curve
• linear so doesn’t show that hazard management is continuous

Question 11

main stages of hazard management cycle

Answer 11

1) mitigation, aims to minimise impacts e.g. flood defences

2) preparedness, planning how to respond e.g. warning systems

3) response, how people react to a disaster e.g. reaction of emergency services

4) recovery, getting the affected area back to normal e.g. rebuilding houses and services

Question 12

positives of hazard management cycle

Answer 12

• easy to remember
• shows that recovery is never ending cycle
• P’s, prediction, prevention, protection, preparedness

-R’s, response, recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction

Question 13

negatives of hazard management cycle

Answer 13

• too generic
• place detail can’t be inserted into the model

Question 14

returning to normal depends on:

Answer 14

• magnitude
• development level
• governance level
• external help available