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Hazards of Ordnance > Hazards of Ordnance > Flashcards

Hazards of Ordnance Flashcards

1
Q

HE / FRAG
(EO/FH)
Fragments and blast produced by the initiation
of any explosive.

A
  1. Do not expose to heat, shock or friction.
  2. All unnecessary personnel are to be outside the calculated fragmentation and blast danger areas.
  3. All personnel inside the relevant safety distances to be under cover.
  4. Minimum personnel to approach the UXO.
  5. Wear body armour/PPE as required.
  6. Transport EO/UXO items in suitable containers.
  7. NOTAM in place if necessary.
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2
Q

MOVEMENT
(FH)
The movement hazard is generally related to impact force reliant fusing (such as PD, BD, PIBD, Impact and Impact Inertia).

A
  1. Don’t drop, strike, jar or move the UXO.
  2. Conduct initial movement or jarring remotely.
  3. If forced to move by hand, move slowly and in attitude found.
  4. See reference material for exact handling in relation to moving a UXO.
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3
Q

COCKED STRIKER
(FH)

Striker under spring tension, even a slight
movement could cause initiation.
The cocked striker hazard is generally relatedto air-burst fuses.
Some fuses may have a cocked striker as a backup self destruct.

A
  1. Don’t knock, strike, jar or move the UXO.
  2. If forced to move the UXO move only by remote means.
  3. Be aware that the fuse may initiate if moved at all.
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4
Q

WAIT TIME
(FH)

Battery bleed down to below firing voltage.
PTTF that have not burnt all the way down.
Self Destruct (SD) fuses
Opposing forces may observe SOPs and set a time delay to catch the EOD operator.
A
  1. Do not approach until after the wait time has expired;
    a. Wait 1 hour minimum for unknown electrical fuses,
    b. Wait 30 minutes prior to approaching a PTTF, or
    c. Wait 3 hours before approach unknown missiles.
  2. Observe other wait times as per reference material.
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5
Q

PROXIMITY
(FH)

Fuse could initiate if approached. They are
generally accepted as forward and/or sideways detecting. Includes laser (eg, ASRAAM), RF (eg, AMRAAM) and IR (passive and active).
The proximity hazard is generally related to airburst fuses, Missiles and IR devices.

A
  1. Do not approach until wait time has expired. If wait time can not be observed – see wait time precautions or relevant AEODPS reference.
  2. No RF transmissions.
  3. Do not encroach within the perceived detecting range.
  4. Shield as required (CMC/WIF).
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6
Q

STATIC
(FH/EO)
ELECTRO MAGNETIC RADIATION
(FH)

A
  1. Turn down or off all radios in the area.
  2. Any RF transmissions could detonate UXO. Transmit at the appropriate distance for radio type and power.
  3. Turn down or off all directional radar in the area.
  4. Isolate any high voltage power lines in the area.
  5. Shield as required (CMC/WIF).
  6. Ground before touching UXO (use appropriate level).
  7. Avoid wearing garments that produce static.
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7
Q

PIEZO
(FH)

Piezo crystals (Piezo fuses) will produce an electrical charge, when subjected to shock, force or a rapid and significant change in temperature. The Piezo hazard is generally related to anti material/armour EO

A
  1. Do not subject piezo crystals to sudden knocks/ movement (Don’t drop, strike, jar or move the UXO).
  2. If forced to move the UXO move only by remote means.
  3. Do not conduct an operation in the vicinity of the EO/UXO that will induce a rapid and significant temperature change in the fuse.
  4. Be aware that the fuse may initiate if moved at all.
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8
Q

JET
(EO)

Shaped charge AT/AM UXO produces a slug or jet that may travel further than calculated safety distance.

A
  1. Do not approach, move or exit in front of the UXO.
  2. Mitigate the effects of the shaped charge (as required) or evacuate (e.g. some SC slugs may travel in excess of 2 km).
  3. Beware of the possibility of associated piezo fuse.
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9
Q

LONG DELAY
(FH)

Long delay area denial fuses operated
electrically or chemically to achieve a long
delay prior to functioning.

A
  1. Observe generic wait time for unknown electronic fuses.

2. As per reference material on research.

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10
Q

CLOCKWORK
(FH)

Mechanical functioning fuse system designed to achieve a long delay prior to functioning
utilizing a cocked striker element.

A
  1. Do not knock strike or jar a clockwork fuse as it contains a CS element.
  2. If possible, wait 1.5 times the maximum time setting on the fuse if positive ID.
  3. On first approach, listen carefully for ticking of the UXO/fuse.
  4. If not ticking set up a remote listening post using an electronic stethoscope (ES).
  5. If no ES then conduct regular checks after each disturbance or jarring with a stethoscope, and
  6. If ticking at any stage conduct the IA (withdraw or remove fuse).
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11
Q

BOOBY TRAP
(FH/EO)

Some UXO or the area surrounding them may be booby trapped.

A
  1. Treat all UXO in previously enemy held territory with suspicion.
  2. Request intelligence on the history of booby-trapped UXO and booby trapping in the AO.
  3. Treat all mines as booby trapped.
  4. Look, feel, prod as appropriate to situation.
  5. Remote move only.
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12
Q

EJECTION
(EO)

Carrier type UXO that bursts and expels its
contents from nose, base, and underside.
(includes Chaff and flares)
Un-deployed tail assemblies.

A
  1. Do not place any part of your body in line with any ejection port/opening.
  2. Use caution around un-deployed tail assemblies.
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13
Q

MAGNETIC
(FH)

Fuse arms, initiates or arms and initiates when it detects a change of state to its magnetic environment.

A
  1. Approach UXO metal free including clothing and tools (30 m for personnel and no vehicles within 100 m)
  2. Do not remove or disturb any metal in the area.
  3. Do not change the state of any radar, radios, power lines, motors or generators in the area.
  4. Do not disturb or move the ordnance.
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14
Q

ACOUSTIC / SEISMIC
(FH)

Fuse arms, initiates or arms and initiates when it detects a change of state to its
seismic/acoustic environment.

A
  1. Do not operate vehicles in the immediate vicinity of suspected acoustic/seismic ordnance.
  2. Do not wear or carry loose equipment that may rattle, flap or otherwise make a noise.
  3. Move with slow deliberate motions and avoid abrupt moves.
  4. Permit no metal to metal contact, scrapping or scratching on the UXO or in the immediate vicinity.
  5. Do not talk or create vocal emissions on approach to the UXO within 30 m. Use full acoustic precautions within 10 m by restricting noise or vibration to a period
    of one-second duration followed by a minimum threes econd silence.
  6. If the ordnance must be touched, do not rub the ordnance or slide hands from point to point.
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15
Q

PHOSPHOROUS
(EO)

Will burn violently in contact with the air.
Produces toxic smoke.

A
  1. Operate with appropriate PPE, fire fighting and first aid equipment (water, etc).
  2. Transport leaking Phosphorous EO in suitable container to hold item and water/wet earth/earth.
  3. Carry a respirator on approach (don if smoke is seen).
  4. Approach the item from up wind.
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16
Q

FIRE
(EO)

Pyrotechnic mixtures that contain a fuel and oxidizer that when ignited produce light or colored display
Incendiary mixtures of a hot metal type or oil base intended to ignite materials UXO may contain incendiary//Pyrophoric compositions

A
  1. Do not inhale smoke or fumes of burning incendiaries/ pyrotechnics.
  2. Protect the eyes from visual impairment caused by burning pyrotechnic materials.
  3. Have first aid and fire fighting equipment/stores available.
  4. Use sand to smother as water may induce a violent reaction.
  5. Have PPE available.
  6. Approach the item from up wind.
17
Q

FUEL
(EO)

Rockets/missiles may contain unburnt solid/liquid fuel. These fuels could ignite or
explode causing a rear approach hazard.
Unburnt fuels may present inhalation, ingestion and/or contact hazard

A
  1. Approach all missiles/rockets from the rear quarter.
  2. Unidentified liquid fuels require a downwind exclusion area.
  3. Beware of increased fire risk.
  4. Use SCBA and Totally Encapsulating Suit (TEC Suit) as required for liquid fuels.
18
Q

CHEMICAL / BIOLOGICAL
(EO)

Chemical and biological warfare agents may be released if UXO functions or is damaged.

A
  1. If suspicious, implement 450 m exclusion radius and approach the UXO from upwind in a MOPP level suitable to the situation.
  2. After confirmation of a CB UXO, set up an initial exclusion zone of 450 m and a downwind hazard area of 2000 m. Adopt appropriate CB.
19
Q

RADIATION
(EO)

Nuclear missiles, Bombs, Projectiles,
Radioactive components.

Refer to Appendix 3 for more information on DU.

A
  1. Do not ingest or inhale dust or smoke from possible DU rounds or burning military vehicles that may contain, or have been struck by, DU rounds.
  2. Mark and report the location of a Nuclear UXO immediately.
  3. Consider employing safety measures when a radiation generator or source may be present (such as Improvised Devices).
20
Q

COMPRESSED
GASSES AND
LIQUIDS
(EO)

GW may contain CG & L as part of their
guidance and control sections, and crashed aircraft may have plumbing containing CG & L. These compressed gasses and liquids can be forced from lines and holding tanks under great
pressure.

A
  1. Do not knock or jar damaged compressed gas cylinders.
  2. Do not force knock or jar pressurised fuel/pneumatic/ hydraulic lines.
  3. Movement of damaged cylinders/lines is to be kept to an absolute minimum.
21
Q

PRESSURE
(FH)

Underwater mines and torpedoes (both water pressure).
Related to some WWII British bomb fuse pistols (air pressure to arm).

A
  1. Do not touch UXO or cause water disturbance near sensor (for underwater mines and torpedoes).
  2. Do not expose sensor to blast overpressure.
  3. Drop hazard when not a pressure fuse or when neutralized.
22
Q

GALVANIC
(FH)

Related to a cell made of dissimilar metals in an electrolyte that when metals contact a
battery is made.
Found in underwater mines.

A
  1. Do not allow dissimilar metals to come in contact with an underwater mine.
  2. Remain clear of electrolytes, snag lines and antennas.
  3. Do not knock or jar as relays may be very sensitive.
23
Q

FLOODER /
SINKER
(FH)

Found in the upper hemisphere of buoyant
mine. When initiated flooders fire an EED which projects a chisel/explosive charge
(flooder/sinker) through a brass disk and allows water to enter and neutralise the mine.

A
  1. Remain clear of chisel/explosive charge exit point.
24
Q

PREVENTATIVE STRIPPING EQUIPMENT /
ANTI-REMOVAL
(FH/EO)

Include prefabricated integral anti-withdrawal, anti-disturbance and anti-opening features in underwater ordnance.

A
  1. Conduct all fuse removal remotely.
25
Q

GENERAL
CONTACT
(FH)

Device that requires impact to cause detonator to function generally found in underwater
ordnance.

A
  1. On discovery refer to RAN Clearance Divers.

2. Observe precautions in AEODPS A-1-1-37

Hazards of Ordnance (1 decks)

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