HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION METHODS

Question 1

This is a list of items and possible problems in the process that
must be checked

Answer 1

Process hazards checklists

Question 2

This can be as simple as an inventory of hazardous materials, or it can be as
detailed as the Dow indexes

Answer 2

Hazards surveys

Question 3

are a formal rating system, much like an
income tax form, that provide penalties for hazards and credits for safety equipment and
procedures.

Answer 3

Dow Indexes

Question 4

approach allows the mind to go free in a
controlled environment. Various events are suggested for a specific piece of equipment with
the participants determining whether and how the event could occur and whether the event
creates any form of risk

Answer 4

Hazards and Operability Studies

Question 5

An effective but less formal type of HAZOP study

Answer 5

Safety review

Question 6

The results are highly
dependent on the experience and synergism of the group reviewing the process

Answer 6

Safety review

Question 7

A formal procedure to identify hazards in a chemical process facility

Answer 7

HAZOP Study

Question 8

It is a brainstorming, multidisciplinary approach

Answer 8

HAZOP Study

Question 9

It is structured using guide words

Answer 9

HAZOP Study

Question 10

It is problem-identifying and cost-effective

Answer 10

HAZOP Study

Question 11

Use HAZOP when design is nearly firm and documented

Answer 11

New Plants

Question 12

Use HAZOP when reviewing current process or a major redesign is planned

Answer 12

Existing plant

Question 13

Requirements of HAZOP Study

Answer 13

Technical Data and
Technical Experts (HAZOP Team)

Question 14

Detailed information on the process must be available. including up-to-date PFDs and P&IDs, detailed equipment specs, materials of construction and mass and energy balances before the HAZOP Study is started

Answer 14

Technical data

Question 15

T/F: Detailed information on the process must be available. including up-to-date PFDs and P&IDs, detailed equipment specs, materials of construction and mass and energy balances after the HAZOP Study is started

Answer 15

F

Question 16

Requires considerable knowledge of the process, instrumentation, and operation,

Answer 16

Technical experts (HAZOP Team)

Question 17

Principles of HAZOP

Answer 17

Concept
Reference/Basis
Method

Question 18

Systems work well when operating under design conditions; problems arise when deviations from design conditions occur

Answer 18

Concept

Question 19

This is a word model, a PFD, or a P&ID

Answer 19

Reference/Basis

Question 20

Use guide words to question every part of process to discover what deviations from the intention of design can occu and what are the causes and consequences

Answer 20

METHOD

Question 21

The locations (on P&ID) at which process parameters are investigated for deviations

Answer 21

Study nodes

Question 22

These are the points where the process parameters (P,T,F) have an identified design intent

Answer 22

Study nodes

Question 23

Defines how the plant is expected to operate in the absence of deviations at the study nodes

Answer 23

Intention

Question 24

These are the departures from the intention which can be discovered by systematically applying guide words

Answer 24

DEVIATIONS

Question 25

Design intent may cover?

Answer 25

Process conditions Activites Substances Time Place

Question 26

HAZOP Model

Answer 26

Deviation is applied Guide words in order to assess the Causes and Consequences

Question 27

Consequences are ?

Answer 27

Trivial Important Catastrophic

Question 28

Negation of Intention

Answer 28

No, None

Question 29

Quantitative increase

Answer 29

More of

Question 30

Quantitative decrease

Answer 30

Less of

Question 31

Qualitative increase

Answer 31

As well as (More than)

Question 32

Qualitative decrease

Answer 32

Part of

Question 33

Logical opposite of intention

Answer 33

Reverse

Question 34

Complete substitution

Answer 34

Other than

Question 35

No flow possible causes, consequences, and actions required?

Answer 35

Pump Fail, Line Blockage, Operator stops the pump System Overheated Shutdown System

Question 36

More Flow possible causes, consequences, and actions required?

Answer 36

Excessive pump speed (Control system) Over-cooled product (incomplete Rxn) Product Unacceptable: Dump

Question 37

Two risk assessment types

Answer 37

QRA & LOPA

Question 38

Risk is defined mathematically as?

Answer 38

Consequences x Likelihood Severity x Frequency

Question 39

Flow of Risk Assessment

Answer 39

Hazard Idenification Consequences and Frequency Analysis Risk Evaluation Risk Assessment

Question 40

Systematic development of the numerical estimate of the expected frequency and consequence of the potential accidents associated with a facility or operation based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques

Answer 40

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Question 41

Complexity of QRA depends on?

Answer 41

Objectives of the study Available info

Question 42

These will result when QRAs are used at the beginning of the project (conceptual and design phase) and are maintained throughout the facility's life cycle

Answer 42

Maximum benefits

Question 43

Used to evaluate potential risks when qualitative methods cannot provide an adequate understanding of the risk

Answer 43

QRA

Question 44

Major Steps of a QRA Study

Answer 44

1. Define the potential event sequences and potential incidents 2. Evaluate the incident consequences 3. Estimate potential incident frequencies using event trees and Fault trees 4. Estimate the incident impacts on P, E and P 5. Estimate the risk by combining the impact and frequencies

Question 45

A semi-quantitative tool for analyzing and assessing risk

Answer 45

LOPA

Question 46

Protection layers may include inherently safer concepts like?

Answer 46

Basic PCS SIF Passive devices (Dikes and Blast walls) Active Devices (Relief valves) Human Intervention

Question 47

Here, the consequences and effects are approximated by the categories, the frequencies are estimated, and the effectiveness of the protection layers are approximated

Answer 47

LOPA

Question 48

In LOPA these are selected to provide conservative results

Answer 48

Approximate values and Categories

Question 49

Primary purpose of LOPA is to?

Answer 49

Determine whether there are sufficient layers of protection against a specific accident scenario

Question 50

Protection layers are often depicted as?

Answer 50

Onion skin

Question 51

T/F: Each protection layer in LOPA is dependent in terms of operation

Answer 51

F

Question 52

T/F: The failure of one layer does not affect the next in LOPA?

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Major steps in LOPA Study

Answer 53

1. Identify a single consequence 2. Identify accident scenarion and cause associated with the consequence 4. Identify the initiating event for the scenario and estimate the initiating event frequency 5. Identify the layers of protection for this specific consequence and estimate probability of failure on demend for each protection layer 6. Combine initiating event frequency with the probabilities of failure to estimate mitigated consequence frequency for this initiating event 7. Plot the consequence vs consequence frequency to estimate risk 8. Evaluate risk (and add layers if required)