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PROCESS SAFETY > HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION METHODS > Flashcards

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION METHODS Flashcards

1
Q

This is a list of items and possible problems in the process that
must be checked

A

Process hazards checklists

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2
Q

This can be as simple as an inventory of hazardous materials, or it can be as
detailed as the Dow indexes

A

Hazards surveys

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3
Q

are a formal rating system, much like an
income tax form, that provide penalties for hazards and credits for safety equipment and
procedures.

A

Dow Indexes

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4
Q

approach allows the mind to go free in a
controlled environment. Various events are suggested for a specific piece of equipment with
the participants determining whether and how the event could occur and whether the event
creates any form of risk

A

Hazards and Operability Studies

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5
Q

An effective but less formal type of HAZOP study

A

Safety review

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6
Q

The results are highly
dependent on the experience and synergism of the group reviewing the process

A

Safety review

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7
Q

A formal procedure to identify hazards in a chemical process facility

A

HAZOP Study

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8
Q

It is a brainstorming, multidisciplinary approach

A

HAZOP Study

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9
Q

It is structured using guide words

A

HAZOP Study

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10
Q

It is problem-identifying and cost-effective

A

HAZOP Study

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11
Q

Use HAZOP when design is nearly firm and documented

A

New Plants

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12
Q

Use HAZOP when reviewing current process or a major redesign is planned

A

Existing plant

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13
Q

Requirements of HAZOP Study

A

Technical Data and
Technical Experts (HAZOP Team)

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14
Q

Detailed information on the process must be available. including up-to-date PFDs and P&IDs, detailed equipment specs, materials of construction and mass and energy balances before the HAZOP Study is started

A

Technical data

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15
Q

T/F: Detailed information on the process must be available. including up-to-date PFDs and P&IDs, detailed equipment specs, materials of construction and mass and energy balances after the HAZOP Study is started

A

F

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16
Q

Requires considerable knowledge of the process, instrumentation, and operation,

A

Technical experts (HAZOP Team)

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17
Q

Principles of HAZOP

A

Concept
Reference/Basis
Method

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18
Q

Systems work well when operating under design conditions; problems arise when deviations from design conditions occur

A

Concept

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19
Q

This is a word model, a PFD, or a P&ID

A

Reference/Basis

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20
Q

Use guide words to question every part of process to discover what deviations from the intention of design can occu and what are the causes and consequences

A

METHOD

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21
Q

The locations (on P&ID) at which process parameters are investigated for deviations

A

Study nodes

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22
Q

These are the points where the process parameters (P,T,F) have an identified design intent

A

Study nodes

23
Q

Defines how the plant is expected to operate in the absence of deviations at the study nodes

A

Intention

24
Q

These are the departures from the intention which can be discovered by systematically applying guide words

A

DEVIATIONS

25
Q

Design intent may cover?

A

Process conditions
Activites
Substances
Time
Place

26
Q

HAZOP Model

A

Deviation is applied Guide words in order to assess the Causes and Consequences

27
Q

Consequences are ?

A

Trivial
Important
Catastrophic

28
Q

Negation of Intention

A

No, None

29
Q

Quantitative increase

A

More of

30
Q

Quantitative decrease

A

Less of

31
Q

Qualitative increase

A

As well as (More than)

32
Q

Qualitative decrease

A

Part of

33
Q

Logical opposite of intention

A

Reverse

34
Q

Complete substitution

A

Other than

35
Q

No flow possible causes, consequences, and actions required?

A

Pump Fail, Line Blockage, Operator stops the pump

System Overheated

Shutdown System

36
Q

More Flow possible causes, consequences, and actions required?

A

Excessive pump speed (Control system)

Over-cooled product (incomplete Rxn)

Product Unacceptable: Dump

37
Q

Two risk assessment types

A

QRA & LOPA

38
Q

Risk is defined mathematically as?

A

Consequences x Likelihood
Severity x Frequency

39
Q

Flow of Risk Assessment

A

Hazard Idenification
Consequences and Frequency Analysis
Risk Evaluation
Risk Assessment

40
Q

Systematic development of the numerical estimate of the expected frequency and consequence of the potential accidents associated with a facility or operation based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques

A

Quantitative Risk Assessment

41
Q

Complexity of QRA depends on?

A

Objectives of the study
Available info

42
Q

These will result when QRAs are used at the beginning of the project (conceptual and design phase) and are maintained throughout the facility’s life cycle

A

Maximum benefits

43
Q

Used to evaluate potential risks when qualitative methods cannot provide an adequate understanding of the risk

A

QRA

44
Q

Major Steps of a QRA Study

A
  1. Define the potential event sequences and potential incidents
  2. Evaluate the incident consequences
  3. Estimate potential incident frequencies using event trees and Fault trees
  4. Estimate the incident impacts on P, E and P
  5. Estimate the risk by combining the impact and frequencies
45
Q

A semi-quantitative tool for analyzing and assessing risk

A

LOPA

46
Q

Protection layers may include inherently safer concepts like?

A

Basic PCS
SIF
Passive devices (Dikes and Blast walls)
Active Devices (Relief valves)
Human Intervention

47
Q

Here, the consequences and effects are approximated by the categories, the frequencies are estimated, and the effectiveness of the protection layers are approximated

A

LOPA

48
Q

In LOPA these are selected to provide conservative results

A

Approximate values and
Categories

49
Q

Primary purpose of LOPA is to?

A

Determine whether there are sufficient layers of protection against a specific accident scenario

50
Q

Protection layers are often depicted as?

A

Onion skin

51
Q

T/F: Each protection layer in LOPA is dependent in terms of operation

A

F

52
Q

T/F: The failure of one layer does not affect the next in LOPA?

A

T

53
Q

Major steps in LOPA Study

A
  1. Identify a single consequence
  2. Identify accident scenarion and cause associated with the consequence
  3. Identify the initiating event for the scenario and estimate the initiating event frequency
  4. Identify the layers of protection for this specific consequence and estimate probability of failure on demend for each protection layer
  5. Combine initiating event frequency with the probabilities of failure to estimate mitigated consequence frequency for this initiating event
  6. Plot the consequence vs consequence frequency to estimate risk
  7. Evaluate risk (and add layers if required)

PROCESS SAFETY (5 decks)

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