HAZARDS AND LUBES Flashcards
True or False. Chemical is considered hazardous if it can negatively affect the health of people or the environment.
True
Chemicals that can cause cancer
Carcinogens
Chemicals that can cause damage to fetus
Teratogens
Chemical that can be lethal in high enough dosage
Toxins
Chemicals that cause visible destruction of living tissue at the site of contact
Corrosives
Chemicals that can cause eversible inflammatory effects on living tissue at the site of contact
Irritants
Cause an allergic reaction after repeated exposure to this chemical
Sentisizers
What are the four routes that chemical can enter your body
- ABSORPTION/SKIN AND EYE CONTACT
- INHALATION
- INGESTION/SWALLOWING
- INJECTION
It is a unique numeric identifier code assigned to a substance when it enters the CAS Registry Database
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Number
A system for standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labelling of chemical
GHS
The inherent characteristics of a chemical substances and mixtures that are existing in the workplace and in the environment, regardless of quantity that are potentially dangerous
Hazards
A document prepared by the manufacturer that contains important physical characteristics, ecological, health, safety, and toxicological information on chemical substances. It is the number one source of information to ensure safe use of hazardous chemicals.
Safety Data Sheet (formerly known as Material Data Safety Sheet)
TRIVIA: Safety Data Sheet includes
- Properties of each chemical
- Physical and Environmental Health Hazards
- Protective Measures
- Safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical
Lubricants is derived from a Latin word, what is that word?
Lubricus
What does “lubricus” mean
Slippery
What are the 6 characteristics of a good lubricating oil?
- High boiling point
- Adequate viscosity
- Low freezing point
- High resistance to oxidation
- Non-corrosive properties
- Good thermal stability
TRIVIA: CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS
1. Liquids – vegetable, animal, mineral, and blended oils
2. Solids – graphite, talc, chalk
3. Semi-solids – greases, vaselines, waxes
4. Synthetic – silicones, chlorocarbons, polypropylenes
5. Emulsions – oil in water and water in oil
These are extracted from crude fat
Animal Fats and Oils
What do you call the process of extracting animal fats and oils from crude fat?
Rendering
This oil is obtained from crushing seeds
Vegetable oil
TRIVIA: Important animal fats and oils
a. lard and lard oil
b. tallow and tallow oil
c. neatsfoot oil
d. fish oils
e. sperm oil
f. whale oil
g. seal oil
What are the five important vegetable oils
a. olive oil
b. castor oil
c. rape oil or colza oil
d. palm oil or palm kernel oil
e. cotton seed oil
It has lower molecular weight hydrocarbons with 12 to 50 atom
Mineral Oils
Are obtained during distillation of petroleum; thus, they are cheap
Mineral Oils 🫵👹
How are impurities removed? There are three ways/processes
- Dewaxing
- Acid Refining or Lubrication
- Solvent Refining of the Lubricating Oils
In this process, a suitable solvent is
selected in which the solubility of the undesirable impurities is more than that in the oil
SOLVENT REFINING OF THE LUBRICATING OILS
This is done by thoroughly agitating the oil with the required amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, which acts as a solvent
Acid Refining or Lubrication
In this process, the oil and wax are separated using continuous filters or centrifuge
DEWAXING
_____ _____ have largely replaced ANIMAL and VEGETABLE OILS because the former is cheaper.
Mineral Oils
What are the three types of greases?
- LIME OR CALCIUM SOAP BASE
- SODIUM-SOAP
- ROSIN SOAP
They are usually prepared from non-soap thickeners such as carbon black, silica gel, modified clays, etc.
Non-soap Greases
Are oily liquids which are not found naturally or not produced directly during the normal manufacturing and refining processes of the petroleum industry
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS
TRIVIA: Synthetic Lubricants are designed for special jobs such as:
a. in metal forming process such as die casting
b. hot running bearing and hot rolling mills
c. aircraft turbine
What are the methods of Lubrication?
- THICK FILM / FLUID FILM / HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION
- BOUNDARY LUBRICATION / THIN FILM LUBRICATION