Hazards Flashcards
When did Tohoku Earthquake take place?
March 11, 2011
What fault did the Tohoku earthquake take place on?
A mega-thrust fault
What magnitude was the Tohoku earthquake?
9.1 on the MMS
How many centimetres per year was the two plates moving towards each other in the Tohoku earthquake?
9cm
Why is it so significant that the plates were moving together 9cm per year in the Tohoku earthquake?
It meant they had a lot of slip
What happened to the sea floor in the Tohoku earthquake?
It would have uplifted the seafloor above the rupture sone by several metres
How many were evacuated from their homes in the Tohoku earthquake?
550,000
How many died in the Tohoku earthquake?
27,000
By how much did the Japanese stock market fall over two days in the Tohoku earthquake?
16%
How many of Japan’s 54 reactors closed in the Tohoku earthquake?
11
As of 2017 how many people are still living in temporary housing because of the Tohoku earthquake?
50,000
Did the Tohoku earthquake cause a Tsunami?
Yes
What damage did the Tsumani caused by Tohoku do?
Caused a cooling system failure at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
What did the cooling system failure at the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant lead too?
A level 7 nuclear meltdown and release of radioactive material
How big was the Tsumani that was produced in the Tohoku earthquake?
It was big enough to travel across the pacific, reaching Alaska, Hawaii and Chille
How significant was the Tohoku earthquake and Tsnami?
It shifted earth of its axis
What did the jolt in Japans earthquake Tohoku cause?
It caused Japan’s main island of Honshu eastward by 8 feet
When did the Nepal earthquake take place?
April, 2015
How many people died during Nepal?
9,000
How deadly was the Nepal earthquake?
“It was the deadliest earthquake in the seismically active region in 81 years”
What was the main cause of the deaths during Nepal?
Collapsing buildings
What was the significance of Nepal taking place on a Saturday?
There was no school, therefore many children were outside not in collapsing buildings
What was the first action in the Nepal earthquake?
To bury the corpses, preventing disease
How many foreign medical teams were there at the Nepal earthquake?
150 - brought mobile health clinics with basic medical services
What did the government give out during Nepal?
£2k grant to everyone with a certain code to build their house with
How many actually received the grant during Nepal?
12%
How quick did it take rescue teams after the Nepal earthquake to reach remote villages?
Two weeks
What did the UN quickly establish after the Nepal earthquake?
Nepal Earthquake 2015 Flash Appeal
Who do you UNDP plan to support and why? (Nepal earthquake)
The Nepali government
Help reduce the impact of future natural disasters Increase the resilience of communities
What happened on Lake Nyos - Cameroon?
1700 were gassed
Why were 1700 gassed near Lake Nyos?
Fracture on the side wall allowed 1/3 cubic mile of volcanic gas to escape
How thick was the gas that escaped Lake Nyos?
100m
What was installed after the Lake Nyos disaster?
Degassing columns
What is the principle behind the degassing columns?
Pumps out the gases from the Lake
What is an example of urban design used to mitigate the effects of ash fall?
Kagoshima, Japan
How are the Kagoshima houses constructed?
Gutter-free roofs (which have a storm water channel located directly beneath)
Ash-resistant tiles
Heavy-duty rubber windows and door seals (To aid air tightness to prevent ash entering houses)
Large overhanging roods over balconies
What is an example of an oceanic/oceanic divergent plate margin?
Ascension Islands
What is an example of a continental/continental divergent plate margin?
Nyirogongo Volcano
What is an example of a oceanic/oceanic convergent plate margin?
Japanese Island Honshu
What is an example of a oceanic/continental convergent plate margin?
Nevado del Ruiz Volcano
What is an example of a continental/continental convergent plate margin?
Nepal
What is an example of a conservative plate margin?
San Andreas
Where did Nyirogongo take place?
The democratic republic of Congo
What is the DRC like?
Infrastructure is poor
55% agriculture
What was Nyirogongo?
A volcanic eruption
What is the population go Goma (where Mt Nyirogongo took place)?
200,000
What is the east of the Democratic republic of Congo like?
Densely populated
Why is the east of the DRC densely populated?
Abundance of lakes (fishing)
Fertile soils
How significant is the agricultural industry in the DRC?
It accounts for 55%
When did Mt Nyirogongo erupt?
January 2002
How big was the fissure than Mt Nyirogongo caused?
13km on the southern flank of the volcano
How destructive was the 2m deep lava flows that hit Goma after Mt Nyirogongo?
Very destructive - they destroyed 1/3 of the city
Why was it difficult for aid organisations to access the DRC where Mt Nyirogongo took place?
Lava flow destroyed airports run way
How many people were killed due to Mt Nyirogongo?
147
What issue did the eruption of Mt Nyirogongo cause?
Crime - in particular theft from abandoned buildings, and commercial properties
Where did everyone go after the eruption of Mt Nyirogongo?
Rwanda
How many refugees went to Rwanda after Mt Nyirogongo?
350,000
What significant building was destroyed after My Nyirogongo?
The commercial centre containing medical centres and a hospital
How many people were left homeless after Mt Nyirogongo?
120,000
What was a key factor in the low death toll during Mt Nyirogongo?
Goma was put on red alert, allowing people to evacuate
What did the UN provide 2 days after Mt Nyirogongo’s eruption?
Humanitarian aid: high energy foods and substantial aid like maize
Camps for the homeless
What did the UN work on as a long term response of Mt Nyirogongo?
Reinstating sanitation and household utensils
How much did the UN declare the cost of providing the aid victims of Mt Nyirogongo needed was?
$15 million
Why was it the aid of cookware slightly wasted in Mt Nyirogongo?
Because the area specialised in cookware and didn’t need anyone
What did the victims of Mt Nyirogongo really need?
Cash - however the UN advised against it
