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Case Studies - Geography > Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Tohoku Earthquake take place?

A

March 11, 2011

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2
Q

What fault did the Tohoku earthquake take place on?

A

A mega-thrust fault

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3
Q

What magnitude was the Tohoku earthquake?

A

9.1 on the MMS

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4
Q

How many centimetres per year was the two plates moving towards each other in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

9cm

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5
Q

Why is it so significant that the plates were moving together 9cm per year in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

It meant they had a lot of slip

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6
Q

What happened to the sea floor in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

It would have uplifted the seafloor above the rupture sone by several metres

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7
Q

How many were evacuated from their homes in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

550,000

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8
Q

How many died in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

27,000

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9
Q

By how much did the Japanese stock market fall over two days in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

16%

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10
Q

How many of Japan’s 54 reactors closed in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

11

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11
Q

As of 2017 how many people are still living in temporary housing because of the Tohoku earthquake?

A

50,000

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12
Q

Did the Tohoku earthquake cause a Tsunami?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What damage did the Tsumani caused by Tohoku do?

A

Caused a cooling system failure at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

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14
Q

What did the cooling system failure at the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant lead too?

A

A level 7 nuclear meltdown and release of radioactive material

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15
Q

How big was the Tsumani that was produced in the Tohoku earthquake?

A

It was big enough to travel across the pacific, reaching Alaska, Hawaii and Chille

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16
Q

How significant was the Tohoku earthquake and Tsnami?

A

It shifted earth of its axis

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17
Q

What did the jolt in Japans earthquake Tohoku cause?

A

It caused Japan’s main island of Honshu eastward by 8 feet

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18
Q

When did the Nepal earthquake take place?

A

April, 2015

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19
Q

How many people died during Nepal?

A

9,000

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20
Q

How deadly was the Nepal earthquake?

A

“It was the deadliest earthquake in the seismically active region in 81 years”

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21
Q

What was the main cause of the deaths during Nepal?

A

Collapsing buildings

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22
Q

What was the significance of Nepal taking place on a Saturday?

A

There was no school, therefore many children were outside not in collapsing buildings

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23
Q

What was the first action in the Nepal earthquake?

A

To bury the corpses, preventing disease

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24
Q

How many foreign medical teams were there at the Nepal earthquake?

A

150 - brought mobile health clinics with basic medical services

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25
Q

What did the government give out during Nepal?

A

£2k grant to everyone with a certain code to build their house with

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26
Q

How many actually received the grant during Nepal?

A

12%

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27
Q

How quick did it take rescue teams after the Nepal earthquake to reach remote villages?

A

Two weeks

28
Q

What did the UN quickly establish after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Nepal Earthquake 2015 Flash Appeal

29
Q

Who do you UNDP plan to support and why? (Nepal earthquake)

A

The Nepali government

Help reduce the impact of future natural disasters Increase the resilience of communities

30
Q

What happened on Lake Nyos - Cameroon?

A

1700 were gassed

31
Q

Why were 1700 gassed near Lake Nyos?

A

Fracture on the side wall allowed 1/3 cubic mile of volcanic gas to escape

32
Q

How thick was the gas that escaped Lake Nyos?

A

100m

33
Q

What was installed after the Lake Nyos disaster?

A

Degassing columns

34
Q

What is the principle behind the degassing columns?

A

Pumps out the gases from the Lake

35
Q

What is an example of urban design used to mitigate the effects of ash fall?

A

Kagoshima, Japan

36
Q

How are the Kagoshima houses constructed?

A

Gutter-free roofs (which have a storm water channel located directly beneath)
Ash-resistant tiles
Heavy-duty rubber windows and door seals (To aid air tightness to prevent ash entering houses)
Large overhanging roods over balconies

37
Q

What is an example of an oceanic/oceanic divergent plate margin?

A

Ascension Islands

38
Q

What is an example of a continental/continental divergent plate margin?

A

Nyirogongo Volcano

39
Q

What is an example of a oceanic/oceanic convergent plate margin?

A

Japanese Island Honshu

40
Q

What is an example of a oceanic/continental convergent plate margin?

A

Nevado del Ruiz Volcano

41
Q

What is an example of a continental/continental convergent plate margin?

A

Nepal

42
Q

What is an example of a conservative plate margin?

A

San Andreas

43
Q

Where did Nyirogongo take place?

A

The democratic republic of Congo

44
Q

What is the DRC like?

A

Infrastructure is poor

55% agriculture

45
Q

What was Nyirogongo?

A

A volcanic eruption

46
Q

What is the population go Goma (where Mt Nyirogongo took place)?

A

200,000

47
Q

What is the east of the Democratic republic of Congo like?

A

Densely populated

48
Q

Why is the east of the DRC densely populated?

A

Abundance of lakes (fishing)

Fertile soils

49
Q

How significant is the agricultural industry in the DRC?

A

It accounts for 55%

50
Q

When did Mt Nyirogongo erupt?

A

January 2002

51
Q

How big was the fissure than Mt Nyirogongo caused?

A

13km on the southern flank of the volcano

52
Q

How destructive was the 2m deep lava flows that hit Goma after Mt Nyirogongo?

A

Very destructive - they destroyed 1/3 of the city

53
Q

Why was it difficult for aid organisations to access the DRC where Mt Nyirogongo took place?

A

Lava flow destroyed airports run way

54
Q

How many people were killed due to Mt Nyirogongo?

A

147

55
Q

What issue did the eruption of Mt Nyirogongo cause?

A

Crime - in particular theft from abandoned buildings, and commercial properties

56
Q

Where did everyone go after the eruption of Mt Nyirogongo?

A

Rwanda

57
Q

How many refugees went to Rwanda after Mt Nyirogongo?

A

350,000

58
Q

What significant building was destroyed after My Nyirogongo?

A

The commercial centre containing medical centres and a hospital

59
Q

How many people were left homeless after Mt Nyirogongo?

A

120,000

60
Q

What was a key factor in the low death toll during Mt Nyirogongo?

A

Goma was put on red alert, allowing people to evacuate

61
Q

What did the UN provide 2 days after Mt Nyirogongo’s eruption?

A

Humanitarian aid: high energy foods and substantial aid like maize
Camps for the homeless

62
Q

What did the UN work on as a long term response of Mt Nyirogongo?

A

Reinstating sanitation and household utensils

63
Q

How much did the UN declare the cost of providing the aid victims of Mt Nyirogongo needed was?

A

$15 million

64
Q

Why was it the aid of cookware slightly wasted in Mt Nyirogongo?

A

Because the area specialised in cookware and didn’t need anyone

65
Q

What did the victims of Mt Nyirogongo really need?

A

Cash - however the UN advised against it

Case Studies - Geography (3 decks)

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