Hazards 2: Tectonic hazards Flashcards
1
Q
Earthquake scales: Richter.
- What is it.
- Advantages (2)
- Disadvantages (1)
A
- Logarithmic scale that measures earthquakes from 1 - 10
- Easy to use / easy to compare earthquake strengths.
- Not accurate when used for large earthquakes.
2
Q
Earthquake scales: Mercalli.
- What is it.
- Advantages. (2)
- Disadvantages. (2)
A
- Scale from 1-12 based on a persons perception of damage.
- Shows impacts in a realistic way / can be used to measure old earthquakes before monitoring.
- Subjective and depends on level of development / can only be used where infrastructure is present.
3
Q
Earthquake scales: Moment magnitude.
- What is it.
- Advantages. (1)
- Disadvantages. (1)
A
- Scale that measures total energy released.
- More precise than the Richter scale.
- More difficult to use than the Richter scale.
4
Q
Hazards caused by earthquakes: Shockwaves.
- What are they.
- How can it be mitigated
- Spatial scale.
- Temporal scale.
A
- Friction builds between plates, eventually slips and energy is released as shockwaves from the focus.
- Earthquake proof buildings.
- Only affects a small area.
- Short period of time.
5
Q
Hazards caused by earthquakes: Tsunamis.
- What is it.
- How can it be mitigated.
- Spatial.
- Temporal.
A
- When the crust is jolted the water above is displaced and when it reaches land friction causes height gain.
- Costal defences such as sea walls, warning systems.
- Can affect many countries.
- Can take several hours.
6
Q
Hazards caused by an earthquake: Liquefaction.
- What is it.
- How can it be mitigated.
- Spatial.
- Temporal.
A
- When a seismic hazard effects saturated soil it behaves like a liquid.
- Soil stabilisation (concrete pillars in ground)
- Small area.
- Small amount of time.
7
Q
Hazards caused by earthquakes: Landslides.
- What are they.
- How can they be mitigated.
- Spatial.
- Temporal.
A
- Movement in soil / snow can cause it to become unstable and collapse.
- Controlled explosions.
- Cover a small area.
- Short term.
8
Q
Management of earthquakes: Prevention.
A
9
Q
Management of earthquakes: Preparedness.
A
10
Q
Nepal earthquake context:
- GDP per capita
- Magnitude
- Date
A
- 1200 dollars
- 7.9
- 2015
11
Q
Nepal earthquake short term impacts:
- Deaths
- Injuries
- Homeless
- Hospitals destroyed
- Schools destroyed
- Amount of damage
A
- 8000
- 16000
- 1 million
- 26
- 50 percent
- 5 billion
12
Q
Nepal earthquake long term impacts:
- Why were harvests lost.
- What percent of GDP was lost.
- What percent drop in tourism.
- What caused flooding.
A
- Earthquake happened just before monsoon season.
- 35 percent.
- 9 percent.
- Landslides blocked rivers.
13
Q
Nepal earthquake primary responses:
- How many tents provided.
- What did the UN provide.
- How much did the UK raise in immediate aid.
A
- 225000
- Medical supplies.
- 126 million.
14
Q
Nepal earthquake secondary responses:
- What now take place.
- What is the government trying to reduce.
- How many areas rebuilt.
- How many dollars given to total recovery.
A
- Earthquake drills.
- Poverty.
- 23.
- 275 million.
15
Q
NZ Christchurch earthquake context:
- GDP per capita.
- Magnitude.
- Date.
A
- 40000
- 6.3
- 2011.
