Hazards

Question 1

Give an example of where human perception has affected human responses to hazards.

Answer 1

1992 Hurricane Andrew:
Category 5
- destroyed 63,000 homes + put 12 insurance companies out of business because of the unprecedented force of the hazard
- Killed 65 people
- even though Southern Florida had mandatory evacuation procedures residents refused to leave because never in their memories had hurricanes reached so far inward,** result of frequent exposure to such hazards**

Question 2

Give an example of where hazard response models are not useful/limited.

Park Model P1

Answer 2

Haiti Earthquake 12/01/2010:
-located between Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean
- 7.0 magnitude on Richter scale
- Killed over 200,000 & 3 million affected by the ‘quake
- 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings destroyed
- High national debt bc of price of independence from French in 1825 ($21 billion)
- after earthquake French refused to forgive that loan unlike another recent one of $77m
- led to worsened death toll and impacts after earthquake
- NEVER RECOVERED because anarchy = political instability and widespread poverty
- Stage 5 shows that they are supposed to be entering an improvement phase but haven’t because of endogenous factors and anarchy and more events such as Hurricane Matthew in 2016

Doesn’t incorporate socio-economic factors of country

Question 3

Give an example of where hazard response models are not useful/limited.

Park Model P2

Answer 3

Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami (2011, Japan)
- one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded (magnitude-9.0)
- epicentre = 130km east of city Sendai, Miyagi
- 15,000 deaths
- tsunami not only destroyed coastal towns but also triggered the Fukushima nuclear disaster, left parts of region **permanently uninhabitable ** - unable to return to normal, much more long term than Park Model presumes
- water is treatable but takes a lot of effort to do so and is expensive.

Process isn’t as short terms as it shows

Question 4

Give an example of where hazard response models are not useful/limited.

Hazard Management Cycle P1

Answer 4

Cyclone Idai (2019 Mozambique):
- Made landfall in Mozambique on 14/03/2019, south-eastern Africa
- Had a regional impact where there were cholera outbreaks of just under 6000 ppl and over 10,000 cases of malaria
- Btwn 15 and 16th march moved inland through Zimbabwe and caused extensive flooding in Malawi
- Before the event Mozambique had undertaken mitigation efforts such as building flood defenses but these were overwhelmed by the intensity of the storm
- not much is being done either in the recovery stage as are training women in farming and dsitrubute farming tools to 2000 ppl and started to repair and rebuild
- isn’t equal between each stage
- In Mozambique, ActionAid distributed sanitary kits, school books and established women-friendly spaces.
In Zimbabwe, ActionAid provided thousands of kilograms of food and cooking oil, distributed sanitary pads, underwear packs, towels and soap.
In Malawi, ActionAid reached around 12,700 people with our initial rapid response. We worked with local women’s forums to ensure the protection of women and girls in evacuation camps, and distributing food, lamps, utensils, sleeping mats, soap and mosquito nets.

Question 5

Give an example of where hazard response models are not useful/limited.

Hazard Management Cycle P2

Question 6

How to help countries deal with climate disasters