Hazards

Question 1

Define a hazard

Answer 1

A potential threat to human life and property caused by an event

Question 2

What are the three major types of geographical hazard

Answer 2

• Geophysical (land, e.g. volcanoes)
• Atmospheric (wildfires)
• Hydrological (water, e.g. floods)

Question 3

Define Incidence

Answer 3

frequency of a hazard

Question 4

Define Intensity

Answer 4

The power of a hazard

Question 5

Define magnitude

Answer 5

The size of a hazard - how intensity is measured

Question 6

Define distribution

Answer 6

Where hazards occur

Question 7

Que es Level of development

Answer 7

How a place is able to respond to a hazard - its economy

Question 8

Name the Human Responses to Hazards

Answer 8

• Prediction: research and past events to predict and deliver warnings
• Adaptation: adjusting lifestyle choices so that you’re less vulnerable
• Mitigation: Strategies to lessen the severity of a hazard
• Management: coordinated strategies to reduce hazard effects ( includes ones above)
• Risk sharing: invest collectively to mitigate the impacts of future hazards

Question 9

What is stage 1 of The Park Model

Answer 9

Stage 1 - Relief: Immediate local response, medical aid, search and rescue. Appeal for foreign aid

Question 10

What is stage 2 of the Park Model

Answer 10

Rehabilitation: Services restored, temporary shelter, Food + water, distributed coordinated foreign aid

Question 11

What is stage 3 of the Park Model

Answer 11

Reconstruction: Restoring the area to same or better quality of life. Infrastructure rebuilt. Mitigation efforts for future.

Question 12

What is the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 12

A cycle that outlines the stages of responding to events showing how the same stages take place after every hazard

Question 13

What are the 4 stages of the hazard management cycle

Answer 13

Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Mitigation

Question 14

What is preparedness (hmc)

Answer 14

Being ready for an event to occur (education, training etc)

Question 15

What is response (hmc)

Answer 15

Immediate action taken after the event ( evacuation, medical assistance, rescue)

Question 16

What is recovery (hmc)

Answer 16

Long-term responses (restoring services, reconstruction)

Question 17

What is mitigation (hmc)

Answer 17

Strategies to lessen the effects of another hazard (barriers, warning signals, observatories)

Question 18

Structure of the Earth (4)

Answer 18

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 19

What is the inner core

Answer 19

A solid ball of nickel/iron ( very hot due to pressure and radioactive decay, responsible for earth’s internal energy)

Question 20

What is the outer core

Answer 20

Semi- molten, iron/nickel

Question 21

What is the crust

Answer 21

Thin top of the lithosphere (oceanic crust is dense and destroyed by plate movement)

Question 22

What does the mantle consist of

Answer 22

Asthenosphere and lithosphere

Question 23

What is the mantle

Answer 23

Mainly solid, rocks high in silicon, top of the mantle is asthenosphere

Question 24

What is asthenosphere

Answer 24

semi-molten, moves due to convection currents, powered by heat for core, lithosphere above

Question 25

What is lithosphere

Answer 25

broken into plates, majority of lithosphere is within the mantle, top of lithosphere is crust.

Question 26

What are tectonic plates?

Answer 26

Lithosphere broken up into large slabs of rocks

Question 27

How do the tectonic plates move

Answer 27

Convection currents in the asthenosphere that push and pull the plates in different directions

Question 28

What are convection currents

Answer 28

Dense magma rising, cooling, then sinking.

Question 29

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries

Answer 29

Destructive, constructive, conservative

Question 30

Destructive

Answer 30

Move towards each other

Question 31

Constructive

Answer 31

Move away from each other

Question 32

Conservative

Answer 32

Parallel to each other

Question 33

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (continental/oceanic)

Answer 33

volcanoes, fold mountains, earthquakes

Question 34

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (oceanic/oceanic)

Answer 34

ocean trench, island arcs, earthquakes, volcanoes

Question 35

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (continental and continental)

Answer 35

fold mountains, earthquakes

Question 36

What landforms are created at a constructive plate boundary (continental/continental)

Answer 36

volcanoes, rift valleys, earthquakes

Question 37

What landforms are created at a constructive plate boundary (oceanic/oceanic)

Answer 37

earthquake, volcanoes, ocean ridges

Question 38

What happens at a conservative plate boundary

Answer 38

nothing is created/ destroyed - earthquake

Question 39

Ridge push

Answer 39

The slope (from when plates move apart) has gravity acting on it as it is a higher elevation

Question 40

Slap pull

Answer 40

When a plate subducts the plate sinking into the mantle pulls the rest of the plate with it, causing further subduction

Question 41

What are hotspots

Answer 41

Areas of volcanic activity not related to plate boundariesWH

Question 42

What happens at hotspots

Answer 42

Magma plumes (from mantle) rise and burn through weak parts of the crust - creates volcanoes/islands.