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Physical Geography > Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a hazard

A

A potential threat to human life and property caused by an event

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2
Q

What are the three major types of geographical hazard

A
  • Geophysical (land, e.g. volcanoes)
  • Atmospheric (wildfires)
  • Hydrological (water, e.g. floods)
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3
Q

Define Incidence

A

frequency of a hazard

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4
Q

Define Intensity

A

The power of a hazard

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5
Q

Define magnitude

A

The size of a hazard - how intensity is measured

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6
Q

Define distribution

A

Where hazards occur

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7
Q

Que es Level of development

A

How a place is able to respond to a hazard - its economy

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8
Q

Name the Human Responses to Hazards

A
  • Prediction: research and past events to predict and deliver warnings
  • Adaptation: adjusting lifestyle choices so that you’re less vulnerable
  • Mitigation: Strategies to lessen the severity of a hazard
  • Management: coordinated strategies to reduce hazard effects ( includes ones above)
  • Risk sharing: invest collectively to mitigate the impacts of future hazards
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9
Q

What is stage 1 of The Park Model

A

Stage 1 - Relief: Immediate local response, medical aid, search and rescue. Appeal for foreign aid

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10
Q

What is stage 2 of the Park Model

A

Rehabilitation: Services restored, temporary shelter, Food + water, distributed coordinated foreign aid

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11
Q

What is stage 3 of the Park Model

A

Reconstruction: Restoring the area to same or better quality of life. Infrastructure rebuilt. Mitigation efforts for future.

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12
Q

What is the Hazard Management Cycle

A

A cycle that outlines the stages of responding to events showing how the same stages take place after every hazard

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13
Q

What are the 4 stages of the hazard management cycle

A

Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Mitigation

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14
Q

What is preparedness (hmc)

A

Being ready for an event to occur (education, training etc)

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15
Q

What is response (hmc)

A

Immediate action taken after the event ( evacuation, medical assistance, rescue)

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16
Q

What is recovery (hmc)

A

Long-term responses (restoring services, reconstruction)

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17
Q

What is mitigation (hmc)

A

Strategies to lessen the effects of another hazard (barriers, warning signals, observatories)

18
Q

Structure of the Earth (4)

A

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

19
Q

What is the inner core

A

A solid ball of nickel/iron ( very hot due to pressure and radioactive decay, responsible for earth’s internal energy)

20
Q

What is the outer core

A

Semi- molten, iron/nickel

21
Q

What is the crust

A

Thin top of the lithosphere (oceanic crust is dense and destroyed by plate movement)

22
Q

What does the mantle consist of

A

Asthenosphere and lithosphere

23
Q

What is the mantle

A

Mainly solid, rocks high in silicon, top of the mantle is asthenosphere

24
Q

What is asthenosphere

A

semi-molten, moves due to convection currents, powered by heat for core, lithosphere above

25
Q

What is lithosphere

A

broken into plates, majority of lithosphere is within the mantle, top of lithosphere is crust.

26
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

Lithosphere broken up into large slabs of rocks

27
Q

How do the tectonic plates move

A

Convection currents in the asthenosphere that push and pull the plates in different directions

28
Q

What are convection currents

A

Dense magma rising, cooling, then sinking.

29
Q

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries

A

Destructive, constructive, conservative

30
Q

Destructive

A

Move towards each other

31
Q

Constructive

A

Move away from each other

32
Q

Conservative

A

Parallel to each other

33
Q

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (continental/oceanic)

A

volcanoes, fold mountains, earthquakes

34
Q

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (oceanic/oceanic)

A

ocean trench, island arcs, earthquakes, volcanoes

35
Q

What landforms are created at a destructive plate boundary (continental and continental)

A

fold mountains, earthquakes

36
Q

What landforms are created at a constructive plate boundary (continental/continental)

A

volcanoes, rift valleys, earthquakes

37
Q

What landforms are created at a constructive plate boundary (oceanic/oceanic)

A

earthquake, volcanoes, ocean ridges

38
Q

What happens at a conservative plate boundary

A

nothing is created/ destroyed - earthquake

39
Q

Ridge push

A

The slope (from when plates move apart) has gravity acting on it as it is a higher elevation

40
Q

Slap pull

A

When a plate subducts the plate sinking into the mantle pulls the rest of the plate with it, causing further subduction

41
Q

What are hotspots

A

Areas of volcanic activity not related to plate boundariesWH

42
Q

What happens at hotspots

A

Magma plumes (from mantle) rise and burn through weak parts of the crust - creates volcanoes/islands.

Physical Geography (1 decks)

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