HAZARDS Flashcards
Natural hazard
a natural event which has the potential to pose a SERIOUS THREAT TO HUMAN LIFE and property
Hazard risk
the probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place
tectonic hazard
occur when the earths crust moves
climatic hazards
occur when a region has certain weather conditions
EXAM ANNSWER!! distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes
earthquakes and volcanoes can often be found in linear patterns (1) along plate boundaries (1) 90 percent of earthquakes are on or near plate margined and 95 percent of volcanoes (1)
CONTRUCTIVE/divergent movement
when two plates move APART. magma fills the gap to cool and “CONSTRUCT” new rock. CONVECTION CURRENTS usually pull OCIEANIC PLATES apart at a constructive plate boundary . RIDGE PUSH HAPPENS
DESTRUCTIVE movement
when a OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL PLATE move TOWARDS eachother. the MORE DENSE oceanic plate subduction into the mantle. the oceanic plate melts to create magma. the continental plate CRUMPLES up to form a fold. most violent. EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES
CONSERVATIVE movement
when two plates SLIDE PAST EACHOTHER a long a fault. NO VOLCANOES. YES EARTHQUAKES. ‘san andreas fault in california’
EXAM ANSWER!! convection current
plates move because of convection currents (1) in the mantle, heat from the core causes magma to rise and push the plates apart where two oceanic plates meet (ridge push) (1) where convection currents go DOWN they pull oceanic crust into subduction zones (slab pull) (1)
SIMPLE: UP:RIDGE PUSH
DOWN:SLAB PULL
impacts of nepal earthquake
AVALANCHE!!!!!!!!!!!
8500 dead
19000 injured
1.7 million children homeles
long term damage to buildings
triggered an AVALANCHE killing 20 people.
basic infrastructure damages
christchurch effects
3500 homes destroyed
6700 injured
185 dead
loss of water and power
nepal response
over 100 search and rescue, medical professionals and disaster experts sent
‘tent city’
reduce poverty to build earthquake proof houses
earthquake drills
Christchurch responses
night time curfew to prevent looting
1/5 people left
temporary housing
7 million dollars in foreign aid
why live in tectonically hazardous areas G!
tourism
farming/fertile land
good jobs
country is prepared
sulphur mining
geothermal energy supply
pressures
WARM AIR: low pressure
COLD AIR: high pressure
tropical storm
hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons. very intense areas of very low pressure/rising airs. approximately 500-1000 km wide
tropical storm form
over 27c water. 50 m deep. between two tropics of equator
the eye
clear sky low wind etc centre
eye wall
maximum wind speed up to 225
spiral rain bands
outer edge. 70 mph with rain
ANTI CLOCKWISE IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
typhoon haiyan facts
philippines. november 8th
195mph
category 5 simpson scale
tacloban
3 days
haiyan affects
food sources
buildings
30000 fishing boats
6mil lost source of income
landslides blocked roads for aid
crime rates increased
haiyan responses
food supplies
1200 evacuation centres
basic food aid
cash for work
cyclone shelters
rebuilding
ik weather hazards
thunderstorms
snowfall
winds
heat waves
beast from the east causes
cold air met warm air. warm air condensed into clouds
serbian eastern cold
storm emma warm northern
beast from the east impacts
50 cm snow
gas deficit
nhs cancelled operations
red earninfs
people blocked into homes
flights cancelled - economical