Hazards

Question 1

Define integrated risk management

Answer 1

A process involving analysing the risks and establishing priorities, treating the risks and monitoring and reviewing

Question 2

Define fatalism

Answer 2

A view of hazards that suggests people cannot influence or shape the outcome

Question 3

Define frequency

Answer 3

The distribution of the hazard through time - number of times an event occurs

Question 4

What does the park model display

Answer 4

The effects of a hazard within a community- shows affects on quality of life, economic activity, social stability and levels of communication services.

Question 5

What is disaster relief?

Answer 5

The initial part after a disaster- where medical attention, rescue services, and care are delivered.

Question 6

What is disaster rehabilitation?

Answer 6

Starting to get community’s back on their feet- long term phase to establishing essential infrastructure

Question 7

What is disaster reconstruction?

Answer 7

An attempt to return the environment to how it was previously to the natural hazard- if not trying to improve it for better prep next time

Question 8

What are two common characteristics of natural hazards.

Answer 8

-Speed of onset (short prep time)
-clear and distinct origins

Question 9

Why might people chose to live in a high risk area?

Answer 9

• increase quality of life (more disposable income)
  -place attachment
• advantages outweigh the risks

Question 10

Explain the factors that affect hazard perception

Answer 10

-Past experiences
-socio-economic status
-religion
-values, personality
-family/ marital status

Question 11

Explain the differences between magnitude, frequency, and distribution

Answer 11

Magnitude is the size of the hazard
Frequency is the number of times it occurs
The distribution is where it occurs

Question 12

What is primordial heat

Answer 12

Heat stored from earths creation

Question 13

What is radiological heat

Answer 13

Heat emitted due to the decaying of radioactive isotopes

Question 14

What is the lithosphere

Answer 14

Solid outer part of earth- includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle

Question 15

What two types of crust are found in the lithosphere

Answer 15

Oceanic and continental

Question 16

What is the asthenosphere

Answer 16

The layer in earths structure that lies below the lithosphere. It is a layer of solid rock where the extreme pressure and heat causes it to flow like a liquid

Question 17

Are the rocks denser in the asthenosphere where or lithosphere?

Answer 17

Lithosphere

Question 18

What is sea floor spreading

Answer 18

The idea that the floor is moving away from the mid oceanic ridge and across the deep ocean basin to fall beneath continents and island arcs

Question 19

Describe paleo-magnetism

Answer 19

Record of history showing earths magnetic field - a way of proving continental drift through fossils and rocks etc ( as years progress the magnetic element found in rock moves towards the magnetic north of earth - as plates move we can see that the magnetic direction changes too proving the tectonic theory)

Question 20

what does the plate tectonic theory show?

Answer 20

a theory that shows why plate tectonics move

Question 21

define subduction

Answer 21

the process at which a continental plate forces the denser oceanic plate beneath it

Question 22

how are island arcs formed?

Answer 22

as tectonic plates move through the years, hotspots cause magma to rise in changing locations as the plate moves it causes these volcanos to become dormant and end up as islands

Question 23

what are young fold mountains

Answer 23

mountains formed relatively close to to current time

Question 24

define a ridge push

Answer 24

gravitational force that causes a plate to move away from the Crest of an ocean ridge and into a subduction Zone

Question 25

define gravitational sliding

Answer 25

driving force that occurs at mid ocean ridges as a result of a rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raises asthenosphere

Question 26

what is slab pull

Answer 26

oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate- the density of the oceanic plate drags its self into the mantle - DESTRUCTIVE

Question 27

what are oceanic ridges

Answer 27

magma rising where two plates are moving apart( constructive)

Question 28

how are rift valleys formed

Answer 28

between parallel faults where the block of crust has sunk down

Question 29

describe a horst

Answer 29

a fault block that has raised relative to the blocks on either side whithout major tilting or folding ** double check