Hazards Flashcards
Define integrated risk management
A process involving analysing the risks and establishing priorities, treating the risks and monitoring and reviewing
Define fatalism
A view of hazards that suggests people cannot influence or shape the outcome
Define frequency
The distribution of the hazard through time - number of times an event occurs
What does the park model display
The effects of a hazard within a community- shows affects on quality of life, economic activity, social stability and levels of communication services.
What is disaster relief?
The initial part after a disaster- where medical attention, rescue services, and care are delivered.
What is disaster rehabilitation?
Starting to get community’s back on their feet- long term phase to establishing essential infrastructure
What is disaster reconstruction?
An attempt to return the environment to how it was previously to the natural hazard- if not trying to improve it for better prep next time
What are two common characteristics of natural hazards.
-Speed of onset (short prep time)
-clear and distinct origins
Why might people chose to live in a high risk area?
- increase quality of life (more disposable income)
-place attachment - advantages outweigh the risks
Explain the factors that affect hazard perception
-Past experiences
-socio-economic status
-religion
-values, personality
-family/ marital status
Explain the differences between magnitude, frequency, and distribution
Magnitude is the size of the hazard
Frequency is the number of times it occurs
The distribution is where it occurs
What is primordial heat
Heat stored from earths creation
What is radiological heat
Heat emitted due to the decaying of radioactive isotopes
What is the lithosphere
Solid outer part of earth- includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle
What two types of crust are found in the lithosphere
Oceanic and continental
What is the asthenosphere
The layer in earths structure that lies below the lithosphere. It is a layer of solid rock where the extreme pressure and heat causes it to flow like a liquid
Are the rocks denser in the asthenosphere where or lithosphere?
Lithosphere
What is sea floor spreading
The idea that the floor is moving away from the mid oceanic ridge and across the deep ocean basin to fall beneath continents and island arcs
Describe paleo-magnetism
Record of history showing earths magnetic field - a way of proving continental drift through fossils and rocks etc ( as years progress the magnetic element found in rock moves towards the magnetic north of earth - as plates move we can see that the magnetic direction changes too proving the tectonic theory)
what does the plate tectonic theory show?
a theory that shows why plate tectonics move
define subduction
the process at which a continental plate forces the denser oceanic plate beneath it
how are island arcs formed?
as tectonic plates move through the years, hotspots cause magma to rise in changing locations as the plate moves it causes these volcanos to become dormant and end up as islands
what are young fold mountains
mountains formed relatively close to to current time
define a ridge push
gravitational force that causes a plate to move away from the Crest of an ocean ridge and into a subduction Zone
define gravitational sliding
driving force that occurs at mid ocean ridges as a result of a rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raises asthenosphere
what is slab pull
oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate- the density of the oceanic plate drags its self into the mantle - DESTRUCTIVE
what are oceanic ridges
magma rising where two plates are moving apart( constructive)
how are rift valleys formed
between parallel faults where the block of crust has sunk down
describe a horst
a fault block that has raised relative to the blocks on either side whithout major tilting or folding ** double check
