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GCSE Geography > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens in areas of high air pressure

A

The dense air is pushed down putting pressure on the earth

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2
Q

What happens in areas of low pressure

A

The warm air rises and relieves pressure on the earth

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3
Q

Which is hotter is summer, land or sea? Why?

A

Land is hotter in summer because it can absorb heat quicker

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4
Q

Which is hotter in winter, land or sea? Why?

A

Sea is hotter because it can retain heat from the summer

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5
Q

What are the 3 cells called?

A

The polar cell
The Ferrell cell
The Hadley cell

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6
Q

What is the orbital theory?

A

It is how the earths rotation around the sun can change into a more oval shape therefore making it colder

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7
Q

How can volcanoes change the earths climate?

A

A huge eruption can cause ash to fly into the atmosphere and block out the sun

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8
Q

How can an asteroid change the earths climate?

A

They can throw huge amounts of dust into the atmosphere and prevent the sun from reaching the earths surface

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9
Q

How can scientists use tree rings to determine the earths past climate?

A

They look at the width of the tree ring and the wider it is, the better growing season it was

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10
Q

How can scientists use ice cores to determine the earths past climate?

A

They drill a long core and each layer translates to 1 year. They then analyse the gases in each layer to see what the temperature was like

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11
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

Where greenhouse gases trap the suns rays and keep the heat inside the earth

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12
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

A

Where humans increase the greenhouse effect via global warming

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13
Q

What are the impacts of climate change on people?

A
  • Deaths due to heat have increased
  • Low lying areas could flood
  • More extreme weather
  • Lower crop yields
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14
Q

How do tropical cyclones form?

A

Sea temperature must be 26.5 degrees centigrade and between 5-30 degrees north/south of the equator. Warm air them rises and condensation occurs releasing energy and creating low pressure. The coriolis effect cause the cyclone to spin. They get stronger as they get energy from warm water. They then dissipate as they hit land.

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15
Q

What are the different parts of a tropical cyclone?

A

Eye- Very low pressure, light winds and no rain+high temperatures
Eyewall- Spiralling rising air, strong winds,160kmph, intense rain
Edge- Wind speed falls, less rainfall and temperature increases

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16
Q 
HURRICANE KATRINA (MEDC cyclone case study)
New Orleans
A
  • Category 3
  • 29th August 2005
  • More than 1800 killed
  • 300,000 houses destroyed
  • 230,000 jobs lost
17
Q 
CYCLONE NARGIS (LEDC cyclone case study)
MYANMAR
A
  • Category 4
  • 2nd May 2008
  • 140,000 killed
  • 450,000 houses destroyed
  • Didn’t have the tech to predict it
18
Q

How do convection currents work?

A

Hot material from the asthenosphere rises and then cools down and sinks back down. This creates a circular movement called convection currents which causes plates to move.

19
Q

What is a convergent boundary?

A

Two plates move towards each other (oceanic and continental). The denser oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate creating hazards like volcanoes

20
Q

What is a divergent boundary?

A

Where two plates move away from each other. Magma rises to fill the gap and creates new crust

21
Q

What is a conservative boundary?

A

Where two plates move sideways past each other

22
Q

Where are most hotspots found?

A

Plate boundaries

23
Q

What is a composite volcano?

A

They are found on convergent boundaries, have explosive eruptions with ash and has thick lava

24
Q

What are shield volcanoes?

A

Found on divergent boundaries, not very explosive, thin lava

25
Q

JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 2011 FACTS

A

Magnitude 9.0
22,000 dead
325km of railway tracks damaged
Caused a tsunami

26
Q

HAITI EARTHQUAKE 2010 FACTS

A

160,000 dead
250,000 homes destroyed
Only 1 ambulance left on the street

27
Q

How are MEDC’s better at preparing for natural disasters than LEDC’S?

A

MEDC’s have better technology so can predict disasters more frequently and accurately. They have better infrastructure and buildings which don’t collapse as easily and also have lots of food and water resources

28
Q

How are MEDC’s better at responding to natural disasters than LEDC’s?

A

They can send out specialist search and rescue teams fast as well as temporary shelters and hospitals

GCSE Geography (3 decks)

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