Hazardous Earth

Question 1

what is the Asthenosphere

Answer 1

The semi-molten layer at the top of the mantle which flows due to convection
currents, moving the solid lithosphere above.

Question 2

Climate change

Answer 2

A distinct change in global or regional patterns of climate, such as changes in
temperature or precipitation patterns.

Question 3

Conservative plate boundary

Answer 3

A plate boundary where two plates are moving alongside each
other.

Question 4

Convection current

Answer 4

The movement of a fluid caused by a difference in temperature or density.

Question 5

Convergent plate boundary

Answer 5

A plate boundary where two plates are moving towards each other.

Question 6

Cyclone

Answer 6

A tropical cyclone that hits Oceania or Madagascar.

Question 7

Divergent plate boundary

Answer 7

A plate boundary where two plates are moving away from each other.

Question 8

Eye (of the storm)

Answer 8

An area of a tropical cyclone with extremely low pressure and calm conditions.

it is the middle of the storm

Question 9

Eyewall

Answer 9

An area of a tropical cyclone with the most intense, powerful winds and torrential rain.

Question 10

Ferrel Cell

Answer 10

At around 60° either side of the equator, moist air rises, and travels to lower latitudes
at around 30° where it sinks, along with air travelling from the equator.

Question 11

Fossil fuels

Answer 11

non renewable energy sources that we use more that we can replenish such as oil, coal and gas.

Question 12

Greenhouse Gases

Answer 12

Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap energy in the Earth’s system and
contribute to the greenhouse effect (carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and nitrous oxides).

Question 13

Hadley Cell

Answer 13

At the equator, hot moist air rises, moves to higher latitudes (30°) and sinks.

Question 14

Hurricane

Answer 14

A tropical cyclone that hits the USA, Latin America or the Caribbean.

Question 15

Immediate responses

Answer 15

Actions taken as soon as the hazard happens and in its immediate
aftermath (hours, days, and potentially a week or so after the event).

Question 16

Inner core

Answer 16

A solid ball of iron/nickel at the Earth’s centre. Radioactive decay within the inner core
provides Earth’s internal energy.

Question 17

Long-term responses

Answer 17

Actions taken after the immediate responses when the effects of the
hazard have been minimised (weeks, months, and years after the event).

Question 18

Magma

Answer 18

Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface.

Question 19

Mantle

Answer 19

The area underneath the crust which contains magma.

Question 20

Oceanic crust

Answer 20

The thinner, denser crust that makes up the ocean floor.

Question 21

Outer core

Answer 21

A molten layer of iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core and transfers energy
by convection currents.

Question 22

Plate boundary

Answer 22

The point at which two plates meet.

Question 23

Polar Cell

Answer 23

At 60° north or south of the equator, moist air rises, and travels to the poles (90°),
where it sinks.

Question 24

Primary effects

Answer 24

The effects that are directly caused by the hazard itself.

Question 25

Richter scale

Answer 25

A logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

Question 26

Secondary effects

Answer 26

The effects that are a result of the primary effects.

Question 27

Storm surge

Answer 27

A rise in sea level caused when a tropical cyclone pushes a large amount of sea
water onto the shore.

Question 28

Tectonic hazard

Answer 28

A natural hazard caused by the physical processes and movements of tectonic
plates.

Question 29

Tectonic plates

Answer 29

Large slabs of the Earth’s crust that sit and move on top of the liquid mantle.

Question 30

The Greenhouse Effect

Answer 30

A natural process where greenhouse gases trap the energy from the
Sun inside the Earth’s atmosphere, warming the Earth’s surface.

Question 31

Tropical cyclone

Answer 31

A very large, spinning storm with high winds and torrential rain that forms in the
tropics.

Question 32

Tsunami

Answer 32

A large wave caused by a large amount of water being displaced when plates move.

Question 33

Typhoon

Answer 33

A tropical cyclone that hits India, Japan or the Philippines.