Hazardous Earth

Question 1

What are plate tectonics

Answer 1

The Earth’s crust is made up of a number of large plates that are moving in constant, slow motion.

Question 2

What was Pangea

Answer 2

This was when all plates where joined together into a single continent called Pangea.

Question 3

What are the different types of plate boundaries

Answer 3

Divergent, Conservative and collision plate boundaries.

Question 4

What is a Composite Volcano

Answer 4

A very steep volcano which is formed at a destructive boundary.. The magma under the surface has high silica and is very explosive - these are the most dangerous volcanoes.

Question 5

What is the Oceanic crust

Answer 5

Oceanic crust is the part of the Earth’s crust that makes up the seafloor. It’s thinner, denser, and simpler in structure than the continental crust.

Question 6

What is the subduction zone

Answer 6

Subduction zones are where Earth’s tectonic plates dive back into the mantle

Question 7

What is the destructive plate boundary

Answer 7

A destructive plate boundary, also known as a convergent boundary, is a region where two tectonic plates are colliding with each other.

Question 8

What is the continental crust

Answer 8

The continental crust is the layer of granitic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, which form the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores (continental shelves).

Question 9

What is a plate boundary

Answer 9

What is a plate boundary

Question 10

What are fold mountains

Answer 10

Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together

Question 11

What is an Ocean Trench

Answer 11

Ocean trenches are steep depressions in the deepest parts of the ocean

Question 12

What is a Convergent plate boundary

Answer 12

When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary. The impact of the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to buckle up into mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench.

Question 13

What are divergent plate boundaries

Answer 13

A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust.

Question 14

What are collision plate boundaries

Answer 14

If two continental plates collide, neither can sink and so the land buckles upwards to form fold mountains.

Question 15

What are the 2 ways to measure earthqakes

Answer 15

Measuring by magnitude and measuring by damage.

Question 16

What is the Richter Scale

Answer 16

The Richter scale can be used to measure the magnitude (power) of a tremor using an instrument called a seismometer.

Question 17

What is the logarithmic scale

Answer 17

A logarithmic scale is a scale used to mesure earthquakes for the Richter Scale. If the size of the earthquake is a 6 on the scale a 5 is 10 times smaller than the 6.

Question 18

What is the Mercalli Scale

Answer 18

The Mercalli scale rates an earthquake’s intensity based on observations of the damage on a scale of 1 to 12.

Question 19

What are the 4 types of shockwaves

Answer 19

Primary waves, Secondary waves, Surface waves -love wave and Surface waves - Rayleigh wave.

Question 20

What is an earthquake

Answer 20

Earthquakes are vibrations of the Earth’s crust caused by movment at plate boundaries and major fault lines.

Question 21

What is the Epicentre of an Earthquake

Answer 21

The point on the earths surface directly abouve the focus of an earthquake

Question 22

What is the fault line of an eartrhquake

Answer 22

A line on the earths surface that traces a geological fault.

Question 23

What is the focus of an earthquake

Answer 23

The point in the earths crust where the earthquake happens.

Question 24

What are the shockwaves of an earthquake

Answer 24

Powerful shockwaves are released from the focus. Primary waves travel forwards and backwards and move quickly. Secondary waves are slower and move sideways and up and down.

Question 25

What are the stress and release points in an earthwquake

Answer 25

When pressure builds between 2 plates stress ia placed on the fault line. When the stress builds up too much is released.

Question 26

What was the 2010 Haiti earthquake

Answer 26

The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake that struck Haiti at 16:53 local time on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 kilometres west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s capital.

Question 27

What were some factors of the 2010 Haiti earthquake

Answer 27

According to official estimates, 222,570 people killed, 300,000 injured, 1.3 million displaced, 97,294 houses destroyed and 188,383 damaged in the Port-au-Prince area and in much of southern Haiti.

Question 28

What were some of the reasons why the Haiti earthquake was so bad

Answer 28

Haiti had a dense population, Haiti’s level of development was low and Haiti’s building standards were very low.

Question 30

What are compostie volcanos

Answer 30

a very steep volcano which is formed at a destructive boundary. The magma under the surface has
high silica and is very explosive – these are the most dangerous volcanoes. They occur at convergent boundaires.

Question 31

What is a Pyroclastic flow

Answer 31

They are fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock, which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 450 mph. The gas can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C. Pyroclastic flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity. They occur at convergent plate boundaies