Hazardous Earth

Question 1

what is at the very centre of the earth

Answer 1

core

Question 2

what are the properties of the core

Answer 2

the core’s inner section is solid and the outer is liquid
the core is dense at the centre but less dense further away
the temperature inside ranges from 4400-6000

Question 3

what is around the core

Answer 3

the mantle

Question 4

what are the properties of the mantle

Answer 4

the mantle is made up of silicon based rocks
part nearest to the core is rigid
layer after is the asthenosphere which is semi-molten
temperature ranges between 1000-3700`

Question 5

what is the outer layer of the earth called

Answer 5

the crust

Question 6

what is the crust made up of

Answer 6

made up of silicon based rocks

Question 7

what are the two types of crust

Answer 7

oceanic and continental

Question 8

which crust is thinner and denser

Answer 8

oceanic

Question 9

what is the word for the slabs the crust is divided into

Answer 9

tectonic plates

Question 10

what is the process of convection currents

Answer 10

in the earth’s core and mantle, radioactive decay produces heat. The heat is transmitted to the second layer of the mantle. The layer gets hotter and rises upwards towards the crust because it has become less dense. The magma gets cooler as it is further way from the core. It becomes denser and sinks. These circular movements of hot and cold rocks is called convection currents.

Question 11

why do convection currents cause earthquakes

Answer 11

because it causes the tectonic plates to move apart or towards each other due to friction

Question 12

what are plate boundaries

Answer 12

where tectonic plates meet

Question 13

what are the three type of plate boundaries

Answer 13

conservative
divergent
convergent

Question 14

how do convergent plate boundaries cause earthquakes

Answer 14

two plates move towards each other
the oceanic plate slides beneath the continental plate. The rocks catch against one another. Pressure between the plates build until they cannot take energy. The two plates slip past each other, which cause both plates to move causing an earthquake

Question 15

how do conservative plate boundaries cause earthquakes

Answer 15

at the conservative plate boundaries plates move past each other in the opposite or same direction at different speeds. The plates are made of sharp pointed edges so they snag against one another. Pressure builds up until the plates cannot take it anymore. They slip past each other resulting into an earthquake

Question 16

how do divergent plate boundaries form a volcano

Answer 16

plates move apart. The convection currents diverge and cause a gap between the plates. Magma rises up to fill the gap

Question 17

where are volcanoes found

Answer 17

at convergent and divergent plate boundaries

Question 18

how does a volcano form at convergent plate boundaries

Answer 18

the oceanic plate moves beneath the mantle where it is destroyed
magma forms
the magma rises through the cracks of the crust
the magma erupts onto the surface forming a volcano

Question 19

where do hotspots form

Answer 19

where a plume of hot magma from the mantle moves towards the surface, causing large flow of heat from the mantle to the crust

Question 20

how do hotspots form volcanoes

Answer 20

the magma breaks through the crust and reaches the surface causing an eruption forming a volcano

Question 21

what are the two different type of volcanoes

Answer 21

composite and shield

Question 22

where do composite volcanoes form

Answer 22

at convergent plate boundaries

Question 23

what are the properties of composite volcanoes

Answer 23

have explosive eruptions and deposit a layer of ash at the start due to ashy explosions
they erupt andesitic lava that has high silica content making the lava thick and sticky
lava cannot flow far so it forms a steep-sided cone

Answer 24

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