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Geo Paper 1 > Hazardous Eartch > Flashcards

Hazardous Eartch Flashcards

1
Q

What temperature is water levels required to be for a tropical cyclone to form

A

26.5 degrees

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2
Q

How do tropical cyclones form

A

As the warm air rises from the water heating it causes an area of low pressure below
Converging winds near sea surface forces air to rise
Coriolis force causes rising currents of air to spiral

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3
Q

What is the Coriolis force

A

A strong force created by the earths rotation

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4
Q

Does Coriolis force cause tropical cyclones

A

Yes but not near the equator where Coriolis force is minimal
Coriolis force must be between 5-30 degrees latitude

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5
Q

Where did cyclone Alia hit and on what date

A

Bangladesh on may 2009

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6
Q

How much rain was there and how strong where the winds in cyclone Alia

A

120mm of rain in a few hours

360 km/h wind strength

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7
Q

How did air pressure effect the cyclone

A

As the air pressure dropped it caused sea levels to rise creating a huge storm surge

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8
Q

Social Impacts of cyclone Alia

A

190 ppl killed
750,000 made homeless
59,000 animals killed

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9
Q

Environmental impacts of cyclone Alia

A

Animal dung was lost

Flooding

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10
Q

Why are Bangladesh vulnerable

A

Very poor so can’t afford defences

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11
Q

How have Bangladesh developed ways of protecting their population

A

Predicting cyclones
Developing warning systems
Evacuation strategies and building storm surge defences

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12
Q

What does the lithosphere split into

A

Tectonic plates which move on a layer called the asthenosphere

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13
Q

What is the lithosphere

A

Uppermost layer of earth

Cool and brittle

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14
Q

What is continental crust

A

Forms the land
Made mostly of granite
Average about 30-50km thick

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15
Q

What is oceanic crust

A

Thinner crust
6-8km thick
Denser and made of basalt

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16
Q

Info about the core

A

It is liquid
And it’s composition is iron and nickel
4000-5000 degrees

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17
Q

What happens when heat rises from the core

A

Creates convection currents in the liquid outer core and mantle. These mantle convection currents are strong enough to move the tectonic plates on the earths surface

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18
Q

What is a divergent place boundarie

A

When two plates move apart

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19
Q

What is a convergent plate boundary

A

Two plates collide

20
Q

What is a conservative plate boundary

A

When two plates slide past each other

21
Q

How does oceanic crust form constantly at divergent plate boundaries

A

Convection currents bring mama up from the mantle
Magma injected between separating plates
As magma cools it forms new oceanic crust
Plates continue to move apart allowing more magma to be injected

22
Q

How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured

A

A seismometer measures this using the Richter scale

23
Q

What can earthquakes beneath the sea bed generate

A

A tsunami

24
Q

Haiti earthquake info (developing country)

A

12th jan 2010
Magnitude 7.0
Epicentre - 25km from Port au Prince

25
Q

What were the primary effects of the Haiti earthquake

A

316,000 ppl died and further 300k injured
Many houses collapsed
1 mill ppl became homeless
Port , communication links damaged

26
Q

Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake

A

Water supply was destroyed- cholera outbreak which killed over 8k people
Clothing factories damaged which provided over 60% of Haiti’s exports
Port destroyed - hard to get aid to area

27
Q

Japan earthquake info (developed country)

A

11th March 2011
Magnitude 9.0
Epicentre - 70km from coast in Sendai bay

28
Q

Primary effects of developed country (Japan) earthquake

A

1 dam collapsed
2 nuclear power stations fractured
235 billion US dollars of damage

29
Q

Secondary effects of Japan earthquake

A

15,900 ppl died , 2600 missing , 6150 injured
350k homeless
Businesses disrupted by damage
School disrupted

30
Q

At what temperature is the Ferrell cell found

A

30-60 degrees N and S in each hemisphere

31
Q

At what temperature can the polar cell be found

A

60-90 degrees N and south in each hemisphere

32
Q

At what temperature can Hadley cells be found

A

0-30 degrees N and S at each hemisphere

33
Q

What is the Ferrell cell caused by

A

High pressure over North Africa

34
Q

Why does the Sahara dessert remain dry

A

Rain brought by ITCZ never reach the Sahara

35
Q

Explain one natural cause of climate change

A

Big volcanic eruptions as more co2 is released and volcanoes release ash and If the ash rises it can block of the suns rays from reaching the earths surface

36
Q

How do asteroid collisions cause climate change

A

Big impact would blast lots of ash and dust into the atmosphere causing the ash and dust to block the sunlight and therefore cooling the climate

37
Q

How do sunspots lead to climate change

A

Sun spots are black areas on the suns surface which tell us that the sun is more active than usual. More spots means more solar energy being fired

38
Q

What are three ways to identify climate in the past

A

Tree rings
Ice cores
Historical sources

39
Q

How do Ice cores tell us about past climate

A

Ice sheet are like time capsule. Contain layers of old ice, oldest at the bottom. Each layer is one year of snowfall. Trapped in the layers are air bubbles. These preserve air from the time snow fell therefore we can identify past temperatures

40
Q

How do tree rings tell us about past climate

A

Each tree ring is a years growth

Some years are warmer and wetter , when growth is greater and some are cooler and drier

41
Q

How do historical sources tell us about climate

A

Old photos, drawings and paintings of landscapes
Written records
Recorded dates and events

42
Q

What gasses make up the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Water vapour

43
Q

What do green house gasses do

A

Help retain heat in the atmosphere they make the planet warmer by 16 degrees

44
Q

What causes release of co2

A

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and deforestation

45
Q

What kind of countries emit the most co2

A

Developed countries such as china

Geo Paper 1 (2 decks)

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