Hazardous Eartch

Question 1

What temperature is water levels required to be for a tropical cyclone to form

Answer 1

26.5 degrees

Question 2

How do tropical cyclones form

Answer 2

As the warm air rises from the water heating it causes an area of low pressure below
Converging winds near sea surface forces air to rise
Coriolis force causes rising currents of air to spiral

Question 3

What is the Coriolis force

Answer 3

A strong force created by the earths rotation

Question 4

Does Coriolis force cause tropical cyclones

Answer 4

Yes but not near the equator where Coriolis force is minimal
Coriolis force must be between 5-30 degrees latitude

Question 5

Where did cyclone Alia hit and on what date

Answer 5

Bangladesh on may 2009

Question 6

How much rain was there and how strong where the winds in cyclone Alia

Answer 6

120mm of rain in a few hours

360 km/h wind strength

Question 7

How did air pressure effect the cyclone

Answer 7

As the air pressure dropped it caused sea levels to rise creating a huge storm surge

Question 8

Social Impacts of cyclone Alia

Answer 8

190 ppl killed
750,000 made homeless
59,000 animals killed

Question 9

Environmental impacts of cyclone Alia

Answer 9

Animal dung was lost

Flooding

Question 10

Why are Bangladesh vulnerable

Answer 10

Very poor so can’t afford defences

Question 11

How have Bangladesh developed ways of protecting their population

Answer 11

Predicting cyclones
Developing warning systems
Evacuation strategies and building storm surge defences

Question 12

What does the lithosphere split into

Answer 12

Tectonic plates which move on a layer called the asthenosphere

Question 13

What is the lithosphere

Answer 13

Uppermost layer of earth

Cool and brittle

Question 14

What is continental crust

Answer 14

Forms the land
Made mostly of granite
Average about 30-50km thick

Question 15

What is oceanic crust

Answer 15

Thinner crust
6-8km thick
Denser and made of basalt

Question 16

Info about the core

Answer 16

It is liquid
And it’s composition is iron and nickel
4000-5000 degrees

Question 17

What happens when heat rises from the core

Answer 17

Creates convection currents in the liquid outer core and mantle. These mantle convection currents are strong enough to move the tectonic plates on the earths surface

Question 18

What is a divergent place boundarie

Answer 18

When two plates move apart

Question 19

What is a convergent plate boundary

Answer 19

Two plates collide

Question 20

What is a conservative plate boundary

Answer 20

When two plates slide past each other

Question 21

How does oceanic crust form constantly at divergent plate boundaries

Answer 21

Convection currents bring mama up from the mantle
Magma injected between separating plates
As magma cools it forms new oceanic crust
Plates continue to move apart allowing more magma to be injected

Question 22

How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured

Answer 22

A seismometer measures this using the Richter scale

Question 23

What can earthquakes beneath the sea bed generate

Answer 23

A tsunami

Question 24

Haiti earthquake info (developing country)

Answer 24

12th jan 2010
Magnitude 7.0
Epicentre - 25km from Port au Prince

Question 25

What were the primary effects of the Haiti earthquake

Answer 25

316,000 ppl died and further 300k injured Many houses collapsed 1 mill ppl became homeless Port , communication links damaged

Question 26

Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake

Answer 26

Water supply was destroyed- cholera outbreak which killed over 8k people Clothing factories damaged which provided over 60% of Haiti’s exports Port destroyed - hard to get aid to area

Question 27

Japan earthquake info (developed country)

Answer 27

11th March 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Epicentre - 70km from coast in Sendai bay

Question 28

Primary effects of developed country (Japan) earthquake

Answer 28

1 dam collapsed 2 nuclear power stations fractured 235 billion US dollars of damage

Question 29

Secondary effects of Japan earthquake

Answer 29

15,900 ppl died , 2600 missing , 6150 injured 350k homeless Businesses disrupted by damage School disrupted

Question 30

At what temperature is the Ferrell cell found

Answer 30

30-60 degrees N and S in each hemisphere

Question 31

At what temperature can the polar cell be found

Answer 31

60-90 degrees N and south in each hemisphere

Question 32

At what temperature can Hadley cells be found

Answer 32

0-30 degrees N and S at each hemisphere

Question 33

What is the Ferrell cell caused by

Answer 33

High pressure over North Africa

Question 34

Why does the Sahara dessert remain dry

Answer 34

Rain brought by ITCZ never reach the Sahara

Question 35

Explain one natural cause of climate change

Answer 35

Big volcanic eruptions as more co2 is released and volcanoes release ash and If the ash rises it can block of the suns rays from reaching the earths surface

Question 36

How do asteroid collisions cause climate change

Answer 36

Big impact would blast lots of ash and dust into the atmosphere causing the ash and dust to block the sunlight and therefore cooling the climate

Question 37

How do sunspots lead to climate change

Answer 37

Sun spots are black areas on the suns surface which tell us that the sun is more active than usual. More spots means more solar energy being fired

Question 38

What are three ways to identify climate in the past

Answer 38

Tree rings Ice cores Historical sources

Question 39

How do Ice cores tell us about past climate

Answer 39

Ice sheet are like time capsule. Contain layers of old ice, oldest at the bottom. Each layer is one year of snowfall. Trapped in the layers are air bubbles. These preserve air from the time snow fell therefore we can identify past temperatures

Question 40

How do tree rings tell us about past climate

Answer 40

Each tree ring is a years growth | Some years are warmer and wetter , when growth is greater and some are cooler and drier

Question 41

How do historical sources tell us about climate

Answer 41

Old photos, drawings and paintings of landscapes Written records Recorded dates and events

Question 42

What gasses make up the atmosphere

Answer 42

Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water vapour

Question 43

What do green house gasses do

Answer 43

Help retain heat in the atmosphere they make the planet warmer by 16 degrees

Question 44

What causes release of co2

Answer 44

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and deforestation

Question 45

What kind of countries emit the most co2

Answer 45

Developed countries such as china