Hazard Management And Perception

Question 1

Cultural factors affecting perception

Answer 1

Becomes part of daily life (Naples and Mount Vesuvius), life linked intrinsically to hazard (Iceland and geothermal energy), gain knowledge (Indian Ocean tsunami 2004 where locals identified risk and responded but non-indigenous were unaware and killed by wave

Question 2

Economic factors affecting perception

Answer 2

Developed areas constantly educated of risk so perceive as worse, MICs see news reports or recent hazards, LICs have to weigh up risk vs reward as they have less possessions

Question 3

Fatalism

Answer 3

These people have often lived through the events and see them as normal so don’t fear it. Often see reward to outweigh risk

Question 4

Adaptation

Answer 4

Areas change their way of living to suit conditions, eg after 2010 Christchurch earthquake govt retrofitted old buildings with internal supports

Question 5

Prediction

Answer 5

Help people to prepare to reduce death toll. Most common response is evacuation

Question 6

Mitigation

Answer 6

Reducing threat of a hazard eg building codes so they don’t fall, drainage system maintenance, elevation of buildings. Needs a cost-benefit analysis to see if viable

Question 7

Risk sharing

Answer 7

Spreading the risk reduces any one group or individuals risk, may include spreading financial burden

Question 8

Management

Answer 8

How we manage ourselves and our property to minimise chance of damage, can have little impact for some hazards

Question 9

Relief phase

Answer 9

Immediate response, focus on saving lives and property

Question 10

Rehabilitation phase

Answer 10

More complex than relief, may last for several months, start to rebuild normal life

Question 11

Reconstruction phase

Answer 11

Return to normal, perhaps with improvements