Hazard management Flashcards
What is the nature of a hazard?
A hazard is the threat of substantial loss of life, substantial impact upon the life or damage to property that can be caused by an event.
What is the difference between a disaster and a hazard?
A disaster is the result of a hazard e.g. living on a fault line is a hazard while a disaster is the enormous impacts it has on people and property.
What does the potential impact of the hazard depend upon?
Impact of the hazard will largely be based upon the type of hazard that hits such as a tsunami or an earthquake as well as it depending on factors such as location of the hazard relative to areas of population, urbanisation, magnitude and extent.
What are the three main types of hazards?
Geospherical hazards are ones which are driven by the internal energy source
E.G. Seismicity.
Atmospherical hazards are those driven by processes in the atmosphere
E.G. Tropical storms
Hydrological hazards are those driven by water bodies
E.G. Tsunami
When does a natural event become a hazard?
Becomes a hazard when there are a huge number of people and a high level of development in the area in which the event happens.
Also when the event hits closer to the affected area.
E.G. Took only 19 miles deep.
Perception may also determine whether it a hazard as if people are confident they can overcome it, will be easier to do so.
What are the organised risk management strategies?
Risk sharing:
- Change attitudes and behaviours towards the hazards through measures which try to reduce loss of life and damage through education days, insurance etc.
E.G. Japan national earthquake day, 1st Sept. Practice earthquake drills.
Prediction:
- Ability to give warnings so action can be taken to reduce impact.
E.G. DART.
Integrated risk management:
- Management of hazards which involves identifying the risk, analysis of the risk and risk reduction plans.
E.G. Reviewing height of tsunami wall, Japan.
Mitigation:
- Reducing the impacts or severity.
E.G. UrEDAS.
Adaptation:
- Prepares for the hazards by making it fit into daily life.
E.G. Aseismic buildings
Prevention:
- Tries to completely stop the hazard from ever occurring but impossible for natural hazards.
What strategies would come under the different quarters of the hazard management cycle?
Response:
- Providing immediate response
- Warning + evacuation
- Saving people
Recovery:
- Economic and social recovery
- Assessing damage
- Reconstruction
- Restoration of infrastructure and services
Mitigation:
- Risk assessment
- Ongoing development activities
- Mitigation
Preparation:
- Risk assessment
- Mitigation
- Preparedness
Why is the hazard management cycle classed as a feedback model?
The hazard management cycle is a feedback model as all stages feedback into each other as it continues as a cycle. It does not simply stop and insinuates that they are continually aiming to improve after each hazard as well as in-between and each time an event occurs they continue to change and repair.
What determines the steepness and depth of the disruption line on the park model?
The severity and the type of event which occurs.
How close the event happened to a location.
How prepared they were for the event.
Economic status of an area- HIC / LIC.
Urban or rural location.
Disadvantages of the park model compared to the hazard management cycle?
- Timescale very unrealistic and will also vary depending on the area in which the event hits as LICs will take significantly longer to rebuild.
- Not a cycle therefore no feedback which means they would not continue to try to mitigate from future hazard would just stop once rebuilding is complete.
