Haz- All Flashcards
Any weapon or device that is intended or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people is
Weapon of mass Destruction
Human error, transportation accidents, mechanical breakdowns, container failures are all causes of
Hazmat incidents
Most common hazmat incidents involve what 5 materials ? G, L , C , C A
Flammable gases, combustible liquids, corrosives, chlorine and anhydrous
TRACEM- P stands for
Thermal , radiological , asphyxiating , chemical, etiological , mechanical and psychological
7 Mechanisms of harm
TRACEM-p
Asphyxiation simple vs chemical
S- Oxygen deficient atmosphere
C- Toxic substance such as carbon monoxide that causes pathological changes within the body by preventing the proper use of oxygen
Main route of exposure
Inhalation, Ingestion, absorption and infection
Contamination vs exposure
C- transfer of a Hazardous material two person equipment environment
E- As a general is entered your body the root of entry
You can decontaminate you cannot be
De exposed
Acute vs chronic
A- Short term affects out of here within hours or days examples vomiting diarrhea
C- Long-term effects that may take years to appear such as cancer
Percentage that firefighters will develop cancer
68%
Example of awareness level personnel’s
People who witnessed the incident, they perform a limited defensive actions such as calling for help evacuation in securing the same
First responder operational level
For us to be dispatched to the scene, not expected to come in direct contact with hazardous material
First responder with operation mission specific level training Performs additional
defensive tasks and limited offensive actions
Individuals in the course of their normal duties, maybe the first to arrive at a scene or witness it has an incident, protect themselves from other hazards, call her appropriate assistance and establish seen control our
Trained and certified awareness level
APIE-T stands for
Asses, plan, Implement, evaluate and termination
Risk based response model known as
APIE-t
Awareness personal or not responsible for
Planning the initial response
Operational first responders are expected to
Respond defensively to protect individuals the environment and property
Operational first responders must be able to perform the following actions
Identify potential hazards, response options, implement the plan response to Mitigate or control and evaluate the progress of the action taken
Operational first Responders are expected to identify potential hazards at incidence examples are
Type of container involved, hazardous material involved, hazard presented by the material and potential behavior of the material
Independent organization formed by standards writers in users that manage the voluntary standard system in the USA
American national standards Institute
Local emergency planning committee’s are responsible for
Developing an emergency plan for an emergency
Types of transportation modes of hazardous material
Roadways, railways, waterway is, airways and pipelines
OnceThe hazardous material reaches wetlands or waterways it becomes a moving incident and
Extremely difficult to contain confin and
Mitigate
Any building with fume hood’s exhaust or stacks on the roof such as research and development company or medical office building probably have
A functional Laboratory inside
Fume hood exhaust stacks are good indicator of
Hazardous materials
A synthetic opioid sometimes used as a heroin substance that can be found in powder, tablet, capsule, solution in a rock form is
Fentanyl
Symptoms of fentanyl intoxication include
Slow breathing or trouble breathing, dizziness, trouble talking or walking, drowsiness or unresponsiveness and miosis( pinpoint pupils )
Symptoms of carbon monoxide
Headache confusion, skin will become red, heart rate will increase, and blood pressure will rise
Non-bulk versus bulk packages
Bulk- Capacity is greater than 118 gallons, net mass is greater than 882 pounds, water capacity is 1000 pounds or greater
Examples of non-bulk packaging
Drums, boxes, card boys in bags
Pressure containers Features include
Rounding ends, bolted access points,protective housing , Pressure relief and gauges
Potential hazards associated with spherical containers are
Toxic, corrosive, flammable, energetic and asphyxiant
Potential hazards associated with cylindrical Rounded end containers are
Toxic energetics corrosive flammable Asphyxiant
Potential hazards associated with a circular containers with flat ends include
Toxic, corrosive, flammable, energetics, Asphyxiant
Congee bottom is particularly useful in dispensing ?
Solid, slurry and liquid products
Horizontal container with flat ends, cylindrical With round ends, smaller cylindrical with slightly rounded ends with reinforced rings, Oval, horseshoe-shaped Potential hazards are
Toxic, corrosive,Flammable, energetics And asphyxiant
What hazards associated with the cryo-genic containers
Toxic corrosive flammable energetics, asphyxiant and thermal (only diff)
Class one
Explosives
Class 2
Gases
Glass 3
Flammable liquids
Glass 4
Flammable solids
Glass 5
Oxidizing substances and organic peroxide’s
Class 6
Toxic and infectious
Class 7
Radioactive materials
Class 8
Corrosive substance
Class 9
Miscellaneous dangers substances and articles
Division number
Besides a level of Explosion hazard to the product. There are 6 classes
Division 1.1-1.6
Mass explosion hazard
Projectile/fragment hazards
Fire hazard
No significant blast hazard
Very insensitive explosives
Extremely insensitive
Rapid release to gases can create shockwave the travel outward from the center. As the wave increase his distance the strength decreases
Blast pressure wave
Seismic affect
Vibrations Similar earthquake
Class 1 ( explosives ) had how many divisions
1.1-1.6
Class 2 (gases ) divisions
2.1 flammable gases
2.2 nonflammable , no. Toxic
2.3 toxic gases
Incendiary thermal effect
Fb
Occurs during an explosion when thermal heat energy forms a fireball
Heat hazard
Associated with division 2.1. Gases can maintain cohesion long enough to encounter ignition source at some distance from the origin
Asphyxiation hazard in atmosphere caused by ?
Leaking or released gases displays oxygen in a confined space or close proximity to the release
Mechanical hazard
A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion bleve
Chemical hazards
Toxic or colors of gases in vapors
Class 3 flammable liquid divisions
None
Three main divisions of the class 4 Flammable solids
4.1 Flammable solids,
4.2 spontaneous combustion liquids and solids
4.3 dangerous when wet substances
Organic peroxide’s
Liquids or solids that readily give off oxygen
organic peroxide should be stored below (not a temp) MSST
Maximum safety storage temperatures
If organic peroxide reach”” They undergo a chemical change and may Violently released from the package
SADT
Self accelerating decomposition temperature
Class five oxidizers has two divisions
5.1- Oxidizer
5.2 Organic peroxides
Classics toxics substance has 2 main divisions?
6.1- Toxic substance
6.2 Infectious absence
The * indicates?
Poisonous
Infectious materials are typically shipped in ?
Small containers there’s no place cards with them only a label
Primary hazards of class 6 materials are
Toxicity, and inhalation hazards and disease
Class 7 radioactive materials have how many divisions
None
Primary hazards of radioactive material exposures in class 7 are
Radiation burns, illnesses, cancer and fire may produce irritation or poisonous gases
Radioactive material must be labeled on how many size
2
Class 8 corrosive substances can be
Liquid or solid substances that caused full thickness destruction of human skin at contact within a specific time. Or liquid has a severe course of Steele or aluminum
Divisions of class eight materials
None
Corrosives can be ( x5) T, F , R , E sometimes O
Toxic, flammable, reactive and or explosive and some are oxidizers
Examples of class 9 miscellaneous dangerous goods are
Lithium batteries, hazardous waste and polychlorinated biphenyls
US title 49 of the code of federal regulations require placard on what forms of transportation?
Transportation containers, cargo, tanks, tank cars trailers
Placards are what shape ?
Diamond
Placards must appear on how many sides of a Vehicle transporting hazmat
4
Standard size of placards
9.84
Placard color orange Indicates
Explosive
Placard color yellow Indicates
O/R
Oxidizer/reactive
placard Color red indicates
Flammable
Placard, white indicates
P/C
Health hazard poison/corrosive
Placard color blue indicates
Water reactive
Placard color green
Non-flammable gas is
Parts of dot placard pic
You are numbers on placards are how many digits and identify what
Four digits and used to identify hazardous chemicals or classes of hazardous material is worldwide
ERG does not list any numbers past ?
1000
Four steps to hazardous recognition regarding plackcards includes
Background color placard, has his number at the bottom of the placard, UN/any identification number and pictogram at the top of the placard
Orange panels with two sets of numbers meanings
Top half of the panel contains a two or three number code required under European and South American regulations and the bottom is going to be in the UN/na identification number
US title 49/4 of federal regulation requires labels on
Packages packaging and over packs
Fumigation marks are found on
Structures or containers that have been or are undergoing treatment for pest control or mold
Hot marking is used for
Elevated temperatures material such as Moulton so far, roofing, Road tar and molten Aluminum
Chemical and electrical hazards are presented in what ? lB
Lithium batteries
Biohazard marking is used on
Oh packaging containing regulated Medical waste
Natural gas is predominant product found in gas distributing pipelines exceptions include
Petroleum liquids or gases, carbon dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen gas andSour crude oil or sour gas
Information provided on pipeline markers are
Pipeline product, operator and 24 hour phone number
Top three quadrant representing three hazard categories (health,flammable,instability)what colors code for them?
Health-blue,
Flammable-red
Instability-yellow
The white box are based on a Scale from 0 to 4 meaning
Zero indicates a minimal has it whereas 4 indicates a severe hazard
Three special hazard symbols are presently authorize for use in this position by NFpA . What are they and location ?
Bottoms of the diamond
W- Indicates unusual reactivity with water
OX- Indicates that material is in oxidizer
Sa- indicates a simple Asphyxiant
OSHA requires
Employers to identify, classify and communicate hazards in the workplace to train a Employees to recognize Actions
Unique numbers assign to individual chemicals and chemical compounds polymers, mixtures and alloys are ?
CAS Numbers
ISHP MEANS
Identification number, Proper shipping name, hazardous class or division and packing group
Shipping papers or electrical copies are located where in trucks and planes versus ships
Driver or pilot and then ships are placed on bridge or in pilot House of a controlling tugboat
Reporting Mark are found on. ?
Unique number on every rail car
StCC digits are what ?
A seven digit article or commodity description code
Often the best source of detailed information about particular materials to watch emergency responders have access
SDS
What should never be used to detect Or identify hazardous materials
Sense of touch taste and smell
What two senses can be used with a degree of safety when detecting hazardous materials
Sight and hearing
All shipments of hazardous materials are required to have
Shipping documents
The three packaging groups 1-3 regarding dangers?
Group 1 - hi danger
Group to medium danger group 3 low danger
ERG is Primarily designed to be used at Hazmat incident occurring at
Highways railroads and pipelines
Ways to locate appropriate initial action in the ERG
Four digit in number Referencing the name if known, identifying materials transported place card then referencing The three digit guide code and referencing the containers profile provided in a white pages of the front book
The white pages of the ERG provide what Information?
Instructions for using the ERG there are two sections one in the front or in the back
Yellow pages of ERG provide what information
The four digit UN/na ID number
The blue border pages of ERG provide what information
Dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name
Tih It’s also known as
Toxics inhalation hazard
Green highlighting on services listed in the blue border pages indicates what
Release of TIH gases and P
P in ERG book stands for
Polymerization
polymerization
Violent reaction that releases great amount of heat and energy
Orange section in your Ergbook
Safety recommendations in general hazards information. Addresses to hazard types health hazards and fire or explosion hazards the highest potential hazard is listed first
Awareness level person I will probably not be involved in evacuations beyond ?
Evacuation beyond the initial isolation phase
Entry level personnel should never enter
Hazardous atmospheres or potentially contaminated areas
Awareness level personnel should not handle or touch?
Contaminated or potentially contaminated victims that has Massis even to provide basic first aid
Difference between a large and small spill
Less than 55 gallons is a small spill, over is a big spill
A warmer more active atmosphere, and during the day dispenses chemical in 10 minutes more
Readily than cooler, conditions, common at night
If hazardous materials are on fire or have been leaking for longer than 30 minutes then
The ERG table does not apply
Table to in the green board sections list
Water reactive materials which produces large amounts of TIH gases on the material is spilled in water
TIH stands for
Toxic inhalation hazard
Table 3 list toxic inhalation hazard TIH materials that may be more commonly encountered including six which are?
A, C,EO,HC,HF,SD
Ammonia, Chlorine,ethylene oxide , Hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide
Any hazmat incident awareness level personnel should do all of?
Isolate the scene and deny entry, prevent contaminated people from leaving the scene, avoid contacting in 10 minutes,
In all reporting awareness personnel should collect and provide as much of the following
Chemical involved, formation on the substance, location of incident, size of incident, direction the plume is moving, is the plume rising or sinking, Color of smoke, changes in condition, number of injuries
APIE - T stand for
Analyze, plan, implement, evaluate
Matter exists in three states GLS
Gas, liquid and solid
Compressed gas is in liquefied gases expand what how when Released?
Rapidly when released, potentially threatening large areas
Liquids typically do not travel as far as ?
As far as gases unless they spilled into a path a channel for transport
Liquid present creates what kind of hazard ?
Splash or contact hazard
Beware of vapors from liquids as they may be (5 )
Contacts hazards, inhalation Hazards, flammable, corrosive and toxic
Micrometer
Unit of measure typically used to express particle size
Solids may have what dangerous properties
Inhalation or contact hazards, small combustible particles that if ignited by explode,entrapment hazards, fire ball, reactive, radioactive, corrosive or toxic
Six different processes involved in physical change
Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation and Deposition
Sublimation
Change directly from my solid into a gas without going into a liquid stay in between
Deposition
Change directly from a vapor to solid all without going into a liquid state in between
PRESSURE produced or exerted by its own liquid in a closed container.
Vapor pressure
Material with vapor pressure over 760 MMGH will be
Gas is under normal conditions
Vapor pressure measurements are based on a standard temperature
68° and at one atmosphere
Materials with vapor pressure under 760 MMGH are technically what when Released from a container?
A liquid or a solid when released from container
The higher the temperature of a substance the higher
It’s vapor pressure will be
The lower the boiling point material the higher it’s
Vapor pressure will be
ABLEVE can occur when a liquid within a container is
Hit causing the material inside to boil or vaporize
BLEvE most commonly occur when
Flames contact a tank, shell above liquid level or when insufficient water is applied to keep a tank cool
a ratio of density of a material to the density of a standard material
Specific gravity
Materials with specific gravity is less than one will
Float on water materials, It’s greater than one It will sink
molecular weight is used to determine
Vapor density
Air has a molecular weight of
29g:mol
The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Vapor density
Butane, Chlorine, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, propane and sulfur dioxide have vapor density?
Common materials with a vapor density greater than air. Heavier than air
Viscosity is the measure of
Thickness or flow ability of a liquid at a given temperature
Persistence of a chemical is it’s ability to
Remaining in environment when unconfined
Odorization is the process of
Adding odor into a combustible gas so that is detected by smell
Mercaptan
Additive to natural gas similar to that of rotten eggs or sewage
Never use odors to
Determine safe or unsafe areas
Alcohol methanol and MEK are examples of
Polar solvent
Ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix with or to dissolve into each other
Miscibility
Materials That do not reality dissolve into each other are
Immiscible
Reactive materials, only reacts violently with ?? W,A,H,l
air, water, heat and light each other or other materials
Four elements necessary to produce combustion
Oxygen fuel heat any chemical chain reaction
A substance is the minimum temperature to which the fuel in the air must be heated to self sustain Combustion without initiation From a independent ignition source
autoignition temperature
Auto ignition temperature of gasoline is
536° what the flashpoint is -45°
LEL/ lFL stands for
Lower explosive limit/ Lower flammable limit. The lowest concentration It will burn when an ignition source is present
Uel/UFL stand for
Upper expose limit/upper flammable limit . Highest concentration that will burn when ignition source
Least energetics forms of radiation is ( think common things )
Non-ionizing radiation such as a visible light, microwave, radio waves
The most energetic form of radiation is?
Ionizing radiation
Four types of Ionizing Radiation as
Alpha, beTa, gamma , neutron
Alpha particles when traveling through matter do not
Deeply penetrate and are stopped by skin
Beta Particles are capable of penetrating
The skin and causing radiation damage. More hazardous one in health or ingested
Beta Particles can be reduced or stopped by
Layer of cloths , metal or thick plexiglass
Gamma rays are high energy
Photons (weightless energy like visible light and X-ray
Gamma radiation can easily
Pass completely through the human body or be absorbed by tissue. It’s a whole body hazard
Concrete, earth and lead maybe useful as a shield against
Gamma radiation
A person is externally contaminated when
Radioactive materials is on the skin or clothes
A person is internally contaminated when
Radioactive materials are inhaled, touched or absorbed
Environment is contaminated when
Radioactive material is spread about and unconfined
Affects of ionizing radiation occur at
Cellular level
Exposure to radiation received in short periods of time is considered a
A cute those
Small amounts of radiation received over a long period of time is considered
Chronic does
The degree to which a substance causes harm with anybody is
Toxicity
Asphyxiant
Prevents access to suppression volumes of oxygen
2 types of Asphyxiant
Simple Dash our gases that displays oxygen
Chemical our materials that prohibit the bodies cells from using oxygen
Cause temporary sometimes severe information to the eyes skin or respiratory system
Irritants
Causes involuntary muscle contraction
Convulsant
Overreaction of the immune system and people or animals
Allergens
And aerosol comprised of gases vapors and Solid particles
Smoke
A chemical Asphyxiant That is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic materials
Carbon monoxide
A product of complete combustion of an organic material. Also increases respiratory rate
Carbon dioxide
Organic substances and Microorganism That pose a threat to the toxicity and other may transmit disease through a vector might be what kind of hazard.
Biological hazard
Simple type of micro organisms that can be REPLICATE themselves in living cells of their house
Viruses
Microscopic single celled organisms
Bacteria
What toxins are Produced by living organisms?
Biological Toxins
Examples of disease associated with biological hazards I , M D
Influenza, measles and diarheal disease
Potential biological weapons include
B,T, V
Anthrax(bacteria) botulism(toxin)
Smallpox(virus)
Common sequence of hazmat incident
S B R E E H
Stress, breach, release, dispersion/Engulf,exposure/contract and harm
Container stress is caused by what 3 energy’s
Thermal energy, chemical energy and mechanical energy
What energy caused Excessive heat or cold could cause intolerable expansion and contraction weakening or consumption of a container in its parts
Thermal energy
A container giving off excessive heat may be
Extremely close to the bleve, undergoing operation of relief device, making noise of expansion or contraction and a subject to changing environmental conditions
When Containers are succumbing ( fail to resist ) what might be the reason ?
Frosting, physically cold laborers, change and steel structure and pools of cold liquid
Uncontrollable reactions of the container and content is what form of energy?
Chemical energy
Chemical reaction could result in
Deterioration of container, excessive heat and air pressure,Corrosive, visible corrosion
Physical application of energy/damage could resolve and container/attachment damage
Mechanical energy
Mechanical stress to a container may result In ?
Change the shape of the container, reduce the thickness, crack and unfasten or disengage valves and piping
When evaluating container stress consider the following
Type of container, products, type and amount of stress and potential duration of the stress
Occurs in containers that are made of Brittle materials?
Disintegration
Breaks the container into two or more large pieces
Runaway cracking
What happens if chemical or mechanical energy caused by a runaway crack
Violent rupture
Fast release of a pressurized Hazardous material through properly operating safety devices
Rapid Relief
Common dispersion pattern
Cloud, plume, cone and hemisphere release
Semi circle or dome shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material that is still partially in contact with the ground or a water
Hemispheric release
Ball shaped pattern of airborne Hazardous materials that collectively rise above the ground or water
Cloud
Irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazardous materials we are wind and/or TOPOGRAY influence the Downrange Course from the point of release
Plume
When all of the material is released at one time
Puff release
Concentration increases over time until the leak stops or all product RELEASE
Ongoing release
Triangle shaped pattern of hazard material released with a point source at the breach and a wide bass down range
Cone

Consider the following exposures in hazardous and risk assessment PEP
People, environment and property
Contact impingement are associated with the following general timeframes ?
Immediate-
Short -
Medium -
Long -
Immediate - Milliseconds
Short term- Minutes hours
Medium term- days , weeks months
Long term - years
To identify endangered areas personal must gather the correct information including the following
Size, shape, exposures and physical health and safety hazards
Chemtrec, chemtel, infotrac, and Verinkia are ?
For emergency response communication services listed for the US
For major types of containers
Pressure, liquid holding, solid holding and cryogenic
If pressure container are damaged or subject to additional stress they may
Fail catastrophically and or BLEVe
First responders at hazmat incidents involving pressure containers need to consider the following 3 common stressors. TCM
Thermal - exposure to heat or flame
Chemical- I released corrosive gases
Mechanical- Accidents
Most common places that Breach/ leak in pressure containers?
Pressure relief devices and or damage fittings are most common
Pressure relief devices and typically sent to activate at what % ?
75%
Cryo-genic containers do what
Keep their contacts cold
Liquid holding containers may have some of the following Characteristics
Extremely durable like a tank
fragile such as a glass bottle,
Fail when subject to fire,
be less likely to fragment as they fall, transport materials that Polymerize
be explosive in nature
Most solid holding it and it will be damaged via
Mechanical stressors rather than physical properties of material contained in them. Exceptions include reactive materials such as oxidizers explosives peri oxides Ian water react and materials
Pressure tanks are designed to
Hold content under pressure
Pressure tanks are especially dangerous when subjected to
Heating or fire because they can be LEVE
Cryo-genic Liquid Tanks may have pressures / Capacitiesof
15 psi or greater withCapacities of 300 to 400,000 gallons
Some new liquefied and natural gases LNG have a capacity of
30 to 60,000,000 gallons
Cryo-genic liquid things will be very cold and tend to
Pool Close to the ground
Low pressure storage tanks have operation pressure from
.5 to 15 psi
Types of low pressure storage tanks include
Dome roof, spheroid and nodes spheroid tank
Minimum pressure/atmospheric storage tanks are designed to hold contact at
Atmospheric or minimum pressure
Maximum pressure under which an atmosphere tank is capable of holding his contact is
.5 psi
Common types of atmosphere tanks are
Horizontal, lifter roof, ordinary con, vapor dome and open and close roof Floating roof tanks
Non-pressure/atmospheric storage tanks typically hold
Liquids, most often hydrocarbons
Treat interiors of big non-pressure/atmosphere is tanks as
Confined spaces
Underground storage tank are typically Constructed of
Steel, fiberglass or steel with fiberglass cot
Features of underground storage tank are
Usually contain liquids typically gasoline, horizontal propane pressure tags have been buried underground, classified as low pressure or non-pressure, more than 10% of the surface area or underground, buried under or Jason the buildings
Examples of non regulated Hazard include
mS, A and M
Multiple sulfur, asphalt and milk
Non-pressure cargo tank trucks have less than what pressure
Four psi
Maximum capacity of a non-pressure cargo tank is
14,000 gallons typical capacity of 1500 -10,000 gallons
Low pressure chemical trucks typically have a pressure of
25 to 35 psi
Typical capacity of a little pressure chemical truck is
5,500-7000 gallons
Corrosive liquid tank trucks typically have a pressure range of
35 to 55 psi
Typical tank capacity of Corrosive liquids is
3300 to 6300
High pressure tank trucks transport PAAB
Liquefied gases such as propane, anhydrous ammonia and butuna
Per the EKG if a MC Dash 331 high pressure Kygo tag is involved in a fire the initial evaluation distance is
1 mile in all directions because they may bLEVE
Cryo-genic cargo tank pressure can be less than
25 and up to 500 psi with capacity as of 8000 and 10,000 gallons
Trucks that transport gases that have been liquefied by lowering their temperatures are
Liquefied oxygen, liquefied nitrogen, carbon dioxide and liquefied hydrogen
Compressed gas/2 trailers typical pressure ranges from
2400 to 5000 psi
Tribal cargo trailers transporting solids typically pressure between
15 to 20 psi
I railroad tank cars typically have capacities are
4000 to 34,000 gallons
Tank cars are divided into the following three main categories
Low pressure, high pressure tank cars and cryo-genic liquid tank cars
Low pressure tank cars transport hazardous and non-hazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressure below? Gallons ??
25 psi at 105 to 115°
4k- 34k gals
No pressure tank cars transport hazardous materials such as
Flammable, reactive, oxidizers, poisons, irritants and corrosive materials
Trains transporting multiple low pressure tank cars containing ethanol crude oil and other class three products may be called
Hi hazard flammable trains
Pressure tank cars Pressure range from? Gallons?
4000 to 34,000 gowns and pressure from 100 to 600 psi
New pressure tank cars are significantly
Heavier than older cars because they feature thicker walls lower profile and a higher tank test pressure which has a greater accident protection
Per the ERG the initial isolation zone for a cryo-genic liquid pain car is
Half a mile
A capacity stencil shows what ?
The volume of the tank car in gallons stenciled on both ends of the car under the cars reporting marks
Specification Marking indicates
Standards to which a tank car was built stenciled on both sides of the tank
An INTER-model container is a freight container that is ?
Interchangeable and had multiple ways to be transported such as roadways, railways, airways and waterways
Inter model containers contain
Hazardous materials non-hazardous and explodes
Most common length size in freight containers
20, 40, 45, 48 and 53 foot
The listing of Im/IMO container types was replaced
T code system in 2003
Three general classifications of intermodal tank containers are
LP,P, S
Low pressure, pressure intermodel and specialized
Non- pressure intermodel tanks may have pressure as high as
100psi
As of 2017 there are over 2,700,000 miles of
PHMS a pipeline in North America these pipelines transport a variety of fire going on flammable hazardous gases and liquids
Pipeline markers in the US includes words such as
Caution, warning or danger
Pipeline in the USA is predominantly made of
Plastic or steel with smaller portions of gas pipeline made of iron and copper or other materials
Marine vessels transport over
90% of the worlds cargo
Five basic types of containers listed in order of increased level of radioactive hazards
Excepted-Low levels of radioactivity
industrial- Slightly contaminated clothing/laboratory samples
type A- Ability to withstand a series of test without releasing content.. Relatively high specific activities levels example radiopharmaceuticals
b- Must provide shielding against radioactive to materials that exceed the limits of type b ex- present radiation hazard to public and spent fuel from nuclear power plant
C- rare high activetiy materials transported by aircraft
Per US DOT Either original flexible portable packages other than a cylinder or portable tank design for mechanical handling
Intermediate bulk container
Flexible intermediate bulk containers or sometimes called
Oh bag, Balzac, supersack, big bags or tote bags
Rigid intermediate bulk containers Are typically made of
Still, all of them, wood, fiber glass or plastic
Containers that are used to transport small Quantities of Hazardousmaterials are called
Non-bulk packaging
Common types of non- Bulk packaging
Bags, drums, cardboard and Jerry cans cylinders and dewar flasks
Large glass or plastic bottle that may be encased in a basket or box primarily used to store in transport course of liquid is called
Carboy and Jerry cans
A cylinder is a pressure vessel designated for pressure higher than
40psi
Tank capacities range from? But what is the most common
119 gala but 55 gallons is most common
Drums have two types of tops
Open head / tight or closed head
Non-pressurized insulated container that has a vacuum space between the outer shell in the inner vessel
Dewar vessel
Six sides of an incident
A, B, C, D, bottom, top
Following hazards and risk assessment information should be obtained at the time incident was reported
Number and type of injuries, Location, time of day, equipment and resources responding, product and container information, whether
Level one response level
Within the capabilities of the fire emergency service organization or the first responders. We serious and easy to handle
Level two Response level
Beyond the capabilitiesFirst responders on scene. Formal hazmat response team required
Level three response
Requires unified command and resources from state agencies federal agencies and or private industries. Most serious of all hazard material is in large scale
Three strategic models of operation at hazmat scene include
Not intervention, defense,Offence
Responders that do not operate near a material but focus on public protection action are in what mode ?
Non-intervention mode
Responders seeking to control or limit the emergency to a given area without directly contacting the material are in what mode?
Defensive mode
Responders take aggressive direct action on the material container or process equipment involved in the incident
Offensive mode
Operation level first responders who have appropriate training/certifications can perform offensive operations involving playing ball liquid and gas fire control these responders may perform operations including the following materials
Diesel fuel, lng and natural gas
A written verbal plan to Mitigating an incident
Incident action plan
And fully developed a IAP plan outlines operations like
Strategies, personal safety, tactics, organizational structure
The priority for Hazmat incidents are
Life safety, insane stabilization, protection of property
Emergency service organizations in the US use what management system
NIMS-ICS
Structure controls hazmat incidents that allow coordinated response across multiple Jurisdictions and agencies with overlapping authority and responsibility requires what kind of command ?
Unified command
ICS Position titles are
Ic,cs,gs,bd,ds,utl
Incident commander, command staff, general staff, branch Director, division supervisor and unified team leader
The safety officer is responsible
Identifying in monitoring has risen unsafe situation and ensuring operational and personal safety
The public information officer PI oh relays accurate information between
Incident commander and all stakeholders. Stakeholders may include response section of the media or public
Liaison officerCommunicate between
Incident commander and supporting agencies at the incident
The planning section chief “” information Needed for effective and decision making
Gathers assimilates, analyzes and processes the information
The logistics section chief provides
Facilities, services in materials in support of the incident
The functional position team leader manages the
Tactical operations carried out in the hot zone
The entry team leader reports directly to
Hazardous material officer and his response was all personnel assigned entry operation
The Entry team leader directs all
Operations within the hot zone
The site access control leader controls
All movement through the various roles in quarters of the house maintenance inside to prevent the spread of contamination
Decontamination team leader is responsible for
All detailing operations and personal inside the warm zone
The initial isolation zoned Defined as an area
Surrounding the incident in which a person may be exposed to life-threatening concentrations of material
The protective action distance defies an area
Downwind from the incident in which persons may become in capacitated and unable to take protective actions
The three control zones are
Hot zone, warm zone, cold zone
Potentially dangerous area surrounding an Incident
Hot zone
Area touching the hot zone and cold zone used to decontaminate
Warm zone
Area used to carry out all logistics support functions of an Incident
Cold zone
When implementing an IAP Responders should stay
Uphill, upstream and upwind of hazardous mater
Three main categories of protective clothing
Structural fire fighting protection clothing, high temperature protective clothing, chemical protective clothing for a liquid splash and vapor protection
Structural fire fighting clothing is not “” tight
Vapor tight and does not prevent all gases are vapors from reaching the skin
What policy is used for entry to the hot zone
2 in 2 out
There must be at least four fully equipped and train responded to the scene of an emergency before an entry team of two may begin hot zone operations
The primary assignment of the back of team in an
Emergency removal of entry team members from the hot zone
To perform an evacuation responders need enough time to inform who and what ?
Warn people, prepare people to leave and does he need a safe route to leave the area uphill upwind upstream
What May cause responders and evacuees to become contaminated or need decontamination
Moving them down wind of the instant
When protecting people inside a structure close
All doors, windows, skiing, ventilation and air-conditioning systems
Evacuation may be better than sheltering in place when explosive vApors or gases are involved for two reasons
Explosive vapors or gases take a long time to dissipate
Waivers or gases my permeate Any building that cannot be sealed from the outside atmosphere
Defending in place may include the following actions
Using a hose stream, securing a neighborhood and turning off heat and air condition system to minimize the spread of contamination
Released materials can cause serious environmental damage to
Air, water, wildlife, water table and land
Defensive control options include 4 DDDR
Damming
Diking , diverting and retention
Diking^
Using raised barriers to prevent movement of a liquid
Actions to contain a liquid or sludge in an area where it can be absorbed neutralized or removed
Retention
The main operational tactics used with flammable liquids are
Extinguishment, labor suppression and ignition prevention
If the only fuel burning is leaking gas what is the best method for extinguishment ??
Shut off the gas/fuel supply
Process of removing life-threatening contaminants from a victim as quickly as possible
Emergency decontamination
Process of removing life-threatening contaminants from a large number of people as fast as possible
Mass decontamination
Process of using chemical or physical message to thoroughly remove Contaminants from responders
Technical decontamination
At minimum responder should establish
Emergency decontamination at all hazmat incidents
CAN stands for
Condition, action and needs
Responders should keep radio communications
Clear concise and confident
Indicators to withdraw include?
Change in temperature, sound of pressure relief device activating, change in pressure or sudden increase in flames
The last strategic goal at hazardous Material incident are to
Recovery and terminate efforts
Responders conduct decontamination to remove hazardous materials from who and what ??
Responders, victims, PPE, tools, equipment and evidence
The basic principles of any decontaminated operation are
Get it off, keep it off contain it
Three types of Decon performed At hazmat incidents
Emergency , mass and technical
Offgassing occurs in
Fresh air And may require fans
I responders should avoid contact with products and or contaminated pools, puddles and or streams because
Fire fighter PPE can absorb flammable liquid which can later Ignite if exposed to an ignition source
Vapors from flammable and combustible liquids are usually heavier than
Air
flammable and combustible liquids are typically lighter than
Water and if so will float on the surface of water
Flammable and combustible liquids are class what materials
B . Water is an ineffective extinguishing agent
Leak control is often referred to as
Containment
Technician levels do not attempt offensive actions such as
Leak control notable exceptions include situation while the gasoline diesel LPG in natural gas
Most cargo tanks have emergency shut off devices devices are usually located where
Behind the driver side cab
MC Dash 331 of 3500 Gallon capacity or larger should have two emergency shut off devices where
One on the tank behind the driver and the other on the rear of the tank on the passenger side
MC Dash 312/DOT Dash 412 do not typically have
Emergency shut off devices if they do it is located on the left front corner of the tank behind the driver compartment
Responders should not shut any valves without direction from
Facility or pipeline operators
The shut off is an in-line valve located on what side of the meter and how do you know it’s off
Owners side of the meter. To close the valve turn the tang till it’s 90° to the pipe
Spill control is not restricted to controlling liquids, responders may also need to confine dust, papers and gases with the following materials?
Protective covering, layer of earth, so it covers, plastic sheets and from blanket on liquids
Strategically placed water streams can
Direct, absorbed, dilute or move gases
Defensive spill control tactics that can confine hazardous materials are
Absorption, blanketing/covering, Vapor suppression, absorption, damn, Dyke, divert and retain
Common absorbance used at hazmat incident?
Sawdust, clay, charcoal, resort pads and Polyolefin type fibers
For blanketing or covering solids such as powders and dust the following tools are used
Tarps, salvage covers , plastic sheeting and foam
Two main types of dams
Containment and underflow/overflow
Stop of all flow of product and or water by ways off?
Containment dam
Permit service water runoff to pass Either under or over the damn while holding back the hazardous material
Under/overflow dam
If liquid is less dense than waterIt will
Float when water is added
If a liquid is denser than water then it will
Sink
And underflow damn retains hazardous materials that are
Lighter than water all the water flow under the damned hazardous materials
And overflow Dams retains hazardous materials that are
Heavier than water
Application of water to water soluble material to reduce the hazard
Delusion
Breaking up or dispersing Hazmat material that has spilled on a solid or liquid service
Dispersion
Uses a water spray to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials
Vapor dispersion
Foam concentrates are divided into two categories based on classifications of fuels which are
Class A Ordinary combustion
Class B for flammable and combustible liquids
Concentrates designs solely fir hydrocarbon Fires will not extinguish
Polar solvent alcohol (type of fuels/liquids that mix) fire regardless of the concentrations
Water miserable materials such as alcohols esters and keystones destroy regular fire fighting forms and require an alcohol resistant therefore ?
Firefighters should not use regular fluoroprotien and regular aqueous Film foaming foam on those materials
You may use Foam concentratesthat are intended for polar solvents on
Hydrocarbon fires
To produce high-quality form for elements are necessary
Foam concentrate, water, air and mechanical agitation
Foam cannot seal
Vapors of boiling liquids
Concentrates that are used on either class a or class B fires that mix with the fuel breaking into small droplets
Emulsifier
Withdrawal is the safest and best tactical option due to what conditions
Catastrophic container failure, BLEVE, resources needed to control the Internet
To prevent dry chemical extinguishers agents from destroying the foam blanket do not use the following
ABC extinguishers and BC extinguishers
For a BLEVE to occur the liquid or liquefied gas must
The above is boiling point
Most common cause of BLEVE is when
Flames contact the tank show above the liquid level in the tank show itself has overheated
When attacking fires of tanks apply continue water at what rate From white preferably
500 gallons/ minute,
Top of the tank with master stream
Oh natural gas is also shipped and stored as LNG He’s more likely to “” in this form
BLEVE in this form
I responders at a gas line leak should first
Evacuate the area immediately around the break and downwind
Materials that are loosely categorized as solids
Metal powder ,Combustible solids that ignite by friction, self reacting materialsExplosive
Many flammable solids are
Metal and required a class D extinguisher
Before starting any rescue operation response personnel should
Assess the situation, take appropriate precautions, establish decontamination and down the highest level of PPE
Removal of ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims is called ?
Rescueing
Ambulatory Vs Non-ambulatory
Able to walk versus non-
Responders assess survivability by identifying and evaluating what
Mechanisms of injury or exposure, I DLH, contact time concentration of material, hazard class and help affect factors such as a lethal d
When responders enter the hot zone they must be alert to their surroundings at all times and follow basic guidelines
Immediately Exit any area where chemical contamination is a counter and no living victims are Identified , Avoid contact with any hazardous material and undergo decontamination immediately upon exiting
Direct ambulatory victims rescue methods include
Verbal instruction, hand signals, signs and light sources
Non-Ambulatory victims outside the line of sight are “” to be rescued?
The last to be rescued from the hot zone
Priority one
Life-threatening injuries and illnesses
Priority to
Serious but Not life-threatening
Priority three
Minor injuries
Priority for
Dead or fatal injured
Most, locations for illicit laboratories include
Private residences motels hotel rooms campers vehicles rental storage facilities rural building
According to the DEA and ATF the most common laboratory waste dump sites are
Campgrounds, vacant lots, creek beds, dumpsters and residential works
Examples of booby traps inside labs
Explosives, weapons tied to doors, bottles that will break mixing their chemical content to bruise toxic fumes, holes in floors, exposed wiring in motion trigger devices
If you were first to discover the presence of an illicit lab Use the following guidelines
Don’t touch anything, Be mindful for booby traps, evacuate the surrounding areas request appropriate personnel, don’t turn on any lights, use extreme caution and your movements, bag out the way you entered
Five primary illicit labs
Drug, biological, radiological, chemical agent and explosives
Examples of drugs that are manufactured in Illciot labs
Cocaine, designer drugs, fentanyl,marijuana, meth and cannabiniod
Fentanyl related Substances may be absorbed into the body by multiple routes including
Injection, ingested , contact with mucous membrane, inhalation or through the skin
illicit Biological agent manufacture falls under three categories BBV
Bacteria viruses biological Toxins
Most bacteria do not cause disease in humans but those that do cause disease through to mechanisms by
Invading the tissue or by producing poison
Viruses do not respond to
Antibiotics
Biological Toxins are produced by certain M,A,P
Microorganism’s, animals and plants
After drug labs what labs are the second most common type of labs
Explosive labs
All explosives are sensitive to
E,S,F,H,P
Electrostatic charge, friction, heat, pressure and shock therefore bomb makers make the more sensitive ones and cold temperatures
Binders such as white desensitize explosives and hold them together
Grease, motor oil, petroleum jelly and wax
Common ingredient that responders me fine in a peroxideBased
Explosive lab AH, E,HP,A
Acetonehe hexamine, Ethanol, hydrogen peroxide and strong or weak acids
ALARA means
As low as reasonably achievable
Responders should decrease exposure time to radiological sources, increase the distance from radiological sources and always use appropriate shield whenever possible to achieve
ALARA
Monitoring and detection equipment may include
Helio sensor, multi gas meter, PID, tic ,reagent paper
Vapor pressure reported in reference material maybe any of the following units
Psi,kilopascal,bars,millimeters of mercury, atmosphere, torr
Vapor pressure of 760 MMGH means material will
Evaporate very fastly
