Haz Flashcards
Four clues to identify hazmat?
- Type of occupancy and location of fixed facility
- Labels, markers, and placards
- Shape and design of containers involved
- Shipping papers or facility documents
What zone is lobby sector in?
Warm zone without turnouts
The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs depends on what four things?
- Temperature
- Concentration
- Pressure
- Catalyst present
Placards generally indicate the
____ of the most dangerous property being transported
Primary hazard
Four digit ID number may replace class name for ____ shipments
Bulk
Subsidiary placards maybe used to indicate____
Secondary hazards
Name “table 1” hazardous materials that must be placarded
Explosive 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Poison gas 2.3 Dangerous when wet 4.3 Inhaled poison 6.1 Radioactive 7
Certain categories of materials must always be placarded with their primary hazard placards, regardless of the amount of materials being transported. These are referred to as ____ because they appear in ____ of the placard section of the ____.
Table 1 materials
Table 1
Code of Federal Regulations
DOT placards are diamond shaped and how big?
10 3/4
Name seven table 1 categories
Explosives 1.1 Explosives 1.2 Explosives 1.3 Poison gas class 2.3 Dangerous when wet 4.3 Poison gas 6.1 Radioactive 7
In general all other classes of hazardous materials (_____) must be placarded for bulk shipments of more than ____ of that material
Table 2 materials
1000 lbs
I
The dangerous placard can be used if a shipment non-bulk packages of ____ or more ____ Materials if the total amount of each is less then ____ loaded at one location
2
Table 2
5000 LBS
DOT labels are ____ or smaller for cylinders affixed to non-bulk packages of hazardous materials
4 inch diamond or smaller
Both placards and labels convey information by what ways?
Color Symbol UN label Hazardous class number Hazardous class wording 4 digit ID number
Background color for placards: Orange = Red = Red w/white band in center = Green = White over red= White equals=
Explosive Flammability/combustible Dangerous Nonflammable gas Spontaneous combustible Poisonous
Background color for placards:
White with vertical red stripes= Yellow = White over yellow = White over black = Blue = Black stripes over white =
Flammable solid Oxidizer (inc.02) or organic peroxide Radio active Corrosive Dangerous when wet Miscellaneous.hazmat
The ____ Placard is only required on railcars
Residue
The ____ hazard class number must appear in the bottom of diamond on both placards and labels. Division numbers for ____ and ____.
UN
Oxidizers and organic peroxide
UN and division numbers are not required for ____
Subsidiary placards
Name the 9 classes:
- Explosives
- Gases
- Flammable/combustible liquids
- Flammable solid/dangerous when wet/spontaneously combustible
- Oxidizers/organic peroxides
- Poisonous/infections material
- Radio active
- Corrosive
- ORMs - other regulated material
NFPA 704 marking system: Diamond colors Red – Blue – White – Yellow –
Flammability
Health
Special hazards
Reactivity
Pesticides must be marked with one of what three labels?
Danger
Warning
Caution
Pesticides are regulated by who?
EPA
Benzine causes what?
Cancer
Want are the amounts for hazmat bulk liquids?
119 gallons
882 pounds of solid
1000 pounds of gases
Cargo tanks built before ____ must conform to new DOT specs.
August 31, 1993
Pressure cargo tank characteristics
– Rounded heads
– Top 2/3 of tank reflective or white or can be whole tank
– Usually have flammable gas for compressed gas
Low-pressure cargo tank characteristics
– Circular in cross-section with flatheads
– From behind horseshoe shaped cross-sections
– Rollover protection at manhole
– catwalk
Non-pressure cargo tank characteristics
– Elliptical – Flatheads – Compartmentalized with own manholes – Catwalk – Rollover protection – Fuel for hazmat
Corrosive liquid cargo tank characteristics
– Circular cross-sections with flatheads
– Smaller diameter secondary to heavier load
– Visible stiffening rings vertically around tank
– Discolored
Cryogenic liquid cargo tank characteristics
– Carry gases that are liquefied
– Bulky appearance Secondary to insulation
– Circular cross-sections with rounded heads
– Fill piping valves and pumps are in cabinet or station at Center or rear
– Relief valves
Tube trailers and Dry Bulk commodity carrier characteristics
– Tube trailers; carry gases under pressure and not a liquefied gas
– Dry Bulk; large, sloping, V shaped unloading compartments located at bottom of compartments and rear mounted air compressor
When a rail incident occurs ___ are often the best sources of information
Railroad personnel
Most rail tank cars are
Single commodity
One feature that is added to pressure tank cars transporting hazmat is
Headshield
Required for non-pressure tanks caring ethylene oxide
Pressure tank car characteristics
– Carry flammable or nonflammable compressed gases or poisonous gases compressed
– Top loading W/pressure 100–600
– 4000–45,000 gallon capacity
– Fittings/relief valves/pipes at top center in man way cover
– Housing 18–24 inches tall and 30–36 inches in diameter
– Insulated
– Painted with white with red stripes for hydrochloric acid
– 2/3 white
Non-pressure tank cars characteristics
– A.k.a. as general service for low-pressure
– Vapor pressure below 25 psig at 105–115°F
– Test pressure at 60–100 psig
– 4000 to 45,000 gallon capacity
Visible manway cover fittings at top of tank
– Up to 6 compartments
Corrosive liquid tank characteristics
– Staining or corrosion around manway
– Painted with wide band of corrosion resistant paint running vertically around man way
Cryogenic liquid tank car characteristics
– Low-pressure 25 psig and lower – 30°F and below – Tank within a tank –Stainless and nickel tanks – Protects for 30 days
High pressure tube cars characteristics
– 40 foot box type open frame
– 30 seamless non-insulated
40 foot steel cylinders
– Test pressure at 3000–5000 psig
Covered hopper cars characteristics
– Carry dry commodities
– Test pressure at 20–80 psig
– Two or more cone shaped cylinders at bottom connected by pipe that is 4 inch in diameter
Ton containers characteristics
– Cylindrical in shape with rounded heads
– Liquid capacity of 100–320 gallons
– Test pressure at 500–1000 psig
Tank containers characteristics
– Metal tank mounted inside a heavy metal frame
– Intermodal – used in two or more modes of transport (rail, water, highway )
– Capacity <6340 gallons
– 90% are stainless steel
Non-pressure tank containers characteristics
– Called intermodal portable tanks – Comprise 90% of containers – Liquid and solid materials at maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) 100 psig – Tested at 1 1/2 x MAWP – Two types; IM101 and IM102 – IM101 MAWP of 24.4 - 100 psig – IM102 MAWP of 14.5 - 25.4 psig
Pressure tank containers characteristics
– Designed to withstand pressure of 100 to 500 psig
– Gases liquefied under pressure
Supporting frames can be ____ or ____
Box type or beam type
20 feet long x 8–8 1/2 feet wide x 9–9 1/2 high
Pipelines are buried ____ to ___ underground
30 to 36 inches
All shipment of hazardous materials, as defined by DOT, must be accompanied with
Shipping papers
____ can provide you with information on the physical mechanical properties if the materials, hazards associated with it, and the basic directions for first response actions
Material safety data sheet
MSDS
What are the two most commonly used reference books for hazmat?
DOT emergency guidebook
NIOSH pocket guide to hazmat
Shipping papers; Mode of transportation is highway. Title? Location? RP?
Bill or lading or freight bill
Cab of Vehicle
Driver
Shipping papers; Mode of transportation is rail. Title? Location? RP?
Waybill/consist
Member of train crew
Conductor
Shipping papers: Mode of transportation is by water Title? Location? RP?
Dangerous cargo manifest
Wheelhouse
Captain/master
Shipping papers; Mode of transportation is air. Title? Location? RP?
Air bill with shippers cert for restricted articles
Cockpit
Pilot
All elements exist in nature in what three states?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Substances can change from one state to another as changes occur in ____ and ____
Temperature and pressure
A ____ is a substance that retains a definite size and shape under normal conditions
Solid
When most solids melt, they change to liquid. The temperature at which this occurs is called the
Melting point
When solids change directly to gas, this process is called ____
Sublimation
Ex: carbon dioxide – dry ice
____ are substances that flow easily and have a specific volume without no specific shape
Liquids
The temperature at which a liquid freeze is called
Freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to gas is called it’s
Boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is related to it’s
Vapor pressure
____ is a measure of the ability to evaporate or change from a liquid to a gas
Vapor pressure
The higher the ____, The more likely a liquid is to evaporate
Vapor pressure
As the ____ increases, the vapor pressure of a liquid increases
Temperature
____ is the temperature at which a liquid generates enough vapors to create an ignitable mixture near the surface of a liquid
Flashpoint
Refers to the concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air
Explosive limit
LEL
Lower explosive limit
– “too lean” to ignite
UEL
Upper explosive limit
–”too rich” to ignite
– Too Little oxygen
A ____ is a substance that expands or is compressed readily and has no independent shape or volume
Gas
Gases form liquids when they are cooled below
Boiling point
To evaluate the hazard posed by a gas, you must know it’s ____ in air
Concentration
These terms are typically used in reference materials when listing concentration of a gas or vapor that causes health effects
Parts per million (PPM)
____ is a concept used to measure the weight of solids and liquids in comparison to an equal volume of water
Specific gravity
Water has a specific gravity of
1
Solids and liquids that are heavier than an equal volume of water have specific gravities
Greater than 1
____ refers to the degree that one substance mixes with another substance
Solubility
Substance mixed with another is called a
Solution
On a solution, the substance found in the greater amount is called
Solvent
In a solution, the substance present in the lesser amount is called the
Solute
A solute may be what form of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
If a solute mixes completely with a solvent it is said to be ____ with that solvent
Miscible
____ means that the liquid is infinitely soluble in water
Water miscible
____ is a concept used to measure weight of gases in comparison to air
Vapor density
Air has a vapor density of
1
Substances with vapor densities less than one are lighter than an equal volume of air and will ____ in air
Rise
____ is the mass that is assigned to atoms or molecules that make up an atom
Molecular weight
* can be found in NIOSH pocket guide
Vapors and gases with molecular weights greater than ____ tend to sink in air
29
____ result when two or more substances combine to form new chemicals and energy is either absorbed or released
Chemical reactions
The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs depends on what four factors
Temperature
Concentration
Pressure
Catalyst present
____ Materials are those that react when exposed to water
Water reactive
The temperature at which a material starts to burn without a flame or other ignition source present
Ignition temperature (auto ignition temperature)
The ____ is a reference scale indicating the activity or alkalinity of materials
pH scale
pH scale ranges from ____ to ____.
____ is neutral
____ is acidic
____ is alkalitic
0 to14
7
7
Radiation is a ____ property not a chemical property
Physical
Radiation energy exists in what three types/forms?
Alpha
Beta
Gama
Alpha particles
– Travel short distances
– Stopped by thin film of water or a sheet of paper
– Most harmed if it inhaled or ingested
Beta particles
– Travel about 30 feet from source
– Penetrate 1 1/2 in wood and 1/10 to 1/2 skin
– Most harmful if ingested or inhaled
– Causes serious skin burns and are hazardous to eyes
Gamma rays
– Stopped with dense shielding such as lead and concrete
– Easily penetrate skin
Amount of radiation absorbed by an exposed individual depends on what three things?
Time
Distance
Shielding
____ is the most effective means of reducing exposure to radiation. It can reduce amount to ____
distance
1/4 or quarter
What are the four sources of information on hazmat?
Reference book
Telephone hotlines
Detection devices
Your senses
Table II materials must be placard for bulk shipments of ____ or more
1000 LBS
