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Cell Division > hayop na Bio > Flashcards

hayop na Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Prophase

A
  • DNA condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Centrioles move to poles and spindle fibers form
  1. The nucleolus disappears
  2. The nuclear membrane breaks apart
  3. The chromosomes become visible
  4. The spindle apparatus forms and attaches to the centromeres
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2
Q

Metaphase

A
  • Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome
  • Chromosomes align along cell equator
  • Second phase of mitosis
  1. The Nuclear Membrane is completely gone
  2. The duplicated chromosomes line up along the cell’s equator
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3
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Chromatids separate to opposite sides of cell
  • Third Phase of Mitosis
  • Diploid cells of daughters chromosomes separate
  • They are pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers
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4
Q

Telophase

A
  • Nuclear membrane starts to form
  • Chromosomes begin to uncoil
  • Spindle fibers fall apart
  • Nuclear membrane and nucleoli reform
  • Cytokinesis is nearly complete
  • Cell prepares for finial division
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5
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • Division of cytoplasm
  • Different in animal and plant cells
  • The final stage of Mitosis
  • The cytoplasm, organelles and nuclear material are evenly split and two new cells are formed
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6
Q

Interphase

A

G1
Synthesis
G2

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7
Q

Gap 1

A
  • Cell carries out normal functions
  • Cell increases in size
  • Organelles increase in numbers
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8
Q

Synthesis

A
  • Cell makes a copy of its own DNA
  • Synthesis means “the combining of parts to make a whole.”
  • By the end of S, cell nucleus contains 2 complete sets of DNA
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9
Q

Gap 2

A
  • Cells continue to carry out normal functions
  • Additional growth occurs
  • Critical checkpoint (b4 cell goes through mitosis, cell must be adequate size, undamaged cell)
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10
Q

G1 Checkpoint

A

Reliability if DNA

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11
Q

M Checkpoint

A

Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber

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12
Q

G2 Checkpoint

A

Proper Chromosome duplication

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13
Q

A regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division in eukaryotic cells

A

Cell Cycle

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14
Q

Chromosome

A
  • One long continuous thread of DNA
  • Consists of numerous genes
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15
Q

How many chromosomes does a person have?

A

46

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16
Q

Half of chromosome

A

Chromatid

17
Q

Each of the 2 thread-like strands into which chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division

A

Chromatid

18
Q

Centromere

A

Point where sister chromatids are joined

19
Q

P arm

A

Short arm; Upward

20
Q

Q arm

A

Long arm; downward

21
Q

Telomere

A
  • Tips of chromosome
  • Found at ends of DNA molecules and prevent DNA from coming apart
22
Q

Chromatin

A

Material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed, consisting of proteins, RNA and DNA

23
Q

Interphase

A

Cell appeared to be at rest

24
Q

In human cells, How many hours does S, G2, and M stages take?

A

12 hours

25
Q

G0’s other name

A

Quiescence phase

26
Q

G0

A
  • Cells is neither dividing nor preparing to divide
  • Reproductively resting but functional
  • “Post mitotic phase”
27
Q

Quiescence can be reversible or irreversible in

A

Plant cells

28
Q

Quiescence is reversible

A

• Temporary - liver, kidney, stomach cells

29
Q

Quiescence is irreversible

A

Non-proliferative (non dividing) cells

30
Q

Mitosis

A
  • Division of nucleus
  • Same full set of DNA
  • Somatic cells, except sex cells
31
Q

External factors

A

Triggers internal factors that affect cell cycle

32
Q

Kinases

A

Enzymes that transfer phospate from one molecule to target molecule

33
Q

Cyclins

A

Group of proteins that activates kinases

34
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death (signals activate genes producing self-destructive enzymes)

35
Q

Cancer

A

Common name for diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

36
Q

Benign

A

Cancer cells remain clustered together

37
Q

Malignant

A

Some cell break away or metastasize from the tumor and spread through body

38
Q

Cancer cells

A
  • came from normal cells that have suffered damage to genes that makes proteins involved in cell division
  • damage from radiation, inherited, chemicals, and ultraviolet radiation
  • Carcinogens: substance known to cause cancer
  • Can be treated with both radiation and chemotherapy

Cell Division (1 decks)

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