Haydn Key Words

Question 1

Acciaccatura

Answer 1

A crushed note, played in as short a time as possible. It is notated as a small note with
a diagonal line through the stem to show that it really has no value.

Question 2

Allegro

Answer 2

Fast, quick.

Question 3

Andante

Answer 3

At a walking pace, a moderate speed.

Question 4

Antiphonal

Answer 4

Where a bar or phrase is alternated between two instruments, groups of instruments
or singers; from ‘anti’ (opposite’ or ‘against’) and ‘phonos’ (voice).

Question 5

Arco

Answer 5

With a bow (also con arco).

Question 6

Crook

Answer 6

Lengths of tubing which could replace the central section of the natural horn to
increase or decrease its overall length, altering the range of notes available.

Question 7

Diminished seventh

Answer 7

A chord built up of minor thirds.

Question 8

Dominant

Answer 8

The fifth note of the scale or the key based on the fifth note of the tonic key eg if the
original key is C major, the dominant is G major.

Question 9

Dominant seventh

Answer 9

The dominant chord plus an extra note a minor seventh above the root or first note.

Question 10

Double-dotted

Answer 10

A dot after a note increases its duration by half the original value. The second dot adds
a further half of that half.

Question 11

Forte

Answer 11

Loud (abbreviation f).

Question 12

German sixth

Answer 12

A chord built on the flattened sixth of the scale. Above this are added the third and fifth
notes plus an augmented sixth.

Question 13

Harmonic series

Answer 13

The range of notes available to a brass player by tightening or slackening the pressure
of his or her lips on the mouthpiece.

Question 14

Inverted pedal

Answer 14

When the pedal (the sustained or repeated note) is played at a higher pitch than the other parts.

Question 15

Ostinato

Answer 15

A repeated rhythm or melodic pattern; such short melodic patterns are often referred
to in pop music as ‘riffs’.

Question 16

Pedal

Answer 16

A sustained or repeated note, usually in the bass or lowest part, above which the
harmony changes.

Question 17

Perfect cadence

Answer 17

Two chords played as a progression to mark the end of a phrase. The chords are
dominant to tonic, often shown by Roman numerals as V-I.

Question 18

Piano

Answer 18

Quiet (abbreviation p).

Question 19

Pizzicato

Answer 19

An instruction for instruments from the string family to pluck the strings (abbreviation
pizz).

Question 20

Sextuplets

Answer 20

Six notes played in the time usually taken by four. The feeling is of two triplets rather
than pairs of quavers or semiquavers.

Question 21

Staccato

Answer 21

An instruction to play the notes crisply, detached, which is shown in the music by
placing dots above or below the notes being played.

Question 22

Submediant

Answer 22

The sixth note of the scale where the degrees of the scale are referred to as tonic,
supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading and then tonic again.

Question 23

Tonic

Answer 23

The first note of the scale used by the piece of music, known as the home key of the
piece of music.

Question 24

Vivace

Answer 24

Lively