Haydn/Classical Flashcards
Classical Instruments Used
Fortepiano
Classical Popular forms
Sonatas, rondos, variations
Classical Composers
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Clementi
Characteristics of the classical period
Steady pulse, homophonic texture, ornamentation, clear sound, restricted dynamics
Für Therese Jansen-Bartolozzi
For Therese Jansen-Bartolozzi - a famous pianist who had many pieces dedicated to her from famous composers (not just Haydn, but also Clementi). Student of Clementi
Allegro
Brisk speed
Hoboken XVI:50
The Hoboken number (50) - an academic sorting system for Haydn’s works
Adagio
Slowly
Più adagio
More slowly
Allegro Molto
Faster than allegro
Loco
In place
Sonata
“To sound”; a type of composition for one or two instruments in several contrasing moments.
3 Periods of Haydn’s life
Church musician in Vienna: 1740-1761
Esterházy family: 1761-1790
Independence: 1790-1809
Galant
Homophonic Viennese compositional style
Haydn Nicknames
Father of the Symphony, Founder of the Classical Period, Father of the String Quartet
Sturm und Drang
Storm and Stress; a passionate and brooding compositional style
Haydn’s contributions to music
- Reinvented the Symphony (from chamber music to strong orchestras)
- Changed the String Quartet (all instruments could play the melody)
- Enhanced the Piano Sonata (smooth transitions)
- Founded the Classical Period’s elegant and clear style
Number of compositions
40+ Sonatas 106-8 Symphonies 60+ String Quartets Oratorios including The Creation and The Seasons Operas Church music
Haydn Famous Compositions
Surprise Symphony London Symphony Farewell Symphony (players leave mid-performance) Military Symphony The Seven Last Words of Christ The Creation The Seasons
Classical harmony
Primary triads
Classical texture
Homophonic
Classical dynamics
More gradual approach, always constrained
