Haydn 104: Movement 1

Question 1

How can the use of themes be described in this movement and what does that mean?

Answer 1

monothematic - having a single dominating theme throughout

Question 2

what key is this movement in?

Answer 2

D major

Question 3

the development section is based on a single fragment of a melody - which melody is this?

Answer 3

a fragment of the melody from S1A

Question 4

describe the keys that are modulated to in the development section

Answer 4

remote

Question 5

describe the texture in the introduction

Answer 5

-octave unison
-dialogue with diminished chords between violin 1 and the other strings

Question 6

what interesting chord is used in the introduction?

Answer 6

neapolitan chord

Question 7

what cadence finishes the introduction?

Answer 7

imperfect cadence

Question 8

how can we describe the melody that is played in octave unison in the introduction? what is the impact of this on the intro?

Answer 8

a dotted fanfare - it makes for a grand opening like an italian overture (or the opening of a musical in modern terms)

Question 9

the introduction can be broken down into three sections - describe section 1

Answer 9

-the fanfare theme in octave unison
-ominous string and bassoon dialogue
-ending with a perfect cadence

Question 10

describe the second section of the introduction

Answer 10

-fanfare theme returns now in F major
-ominous strings and bassoon have more chromaticism, rising sequences and the flutes get involved

Question 11

describe the third section of the introduction

Answer 11

-fanfare theme returns in D major but we only hear half of it
-ominous strings and bassoon return with a neapolitan chord and a pedal

Question 12

how is the exposition monothematic is it has two melodies?

Answer 12

they have the same tune

Question 13

what key does the exposition finish in?

Answer 13

A major

Question 14

what typical classical features can be seen in the exposition?

Answer 14

-scales and arpeggios
-pedal notes
-dialogue
-motor rhythms
-functional harmony

Question 15

name some features of the exposition that are typical of style galant

Answer 15

-a chain of suspensions in the violin 2s
-cello in parallel motion with violin 1
-imperfect cadence
-syncopation in violin 2 and cello

Question 16

when does the transition theme appear?

Answer 16

bar 50

Question 17

what happens in the transition theme and why is it there?

Answer 17

-mini circle of fifths and a sequence in violin 1
-used to get to A major

Question 18

describe the moment in the music where we get to the second subject section

Answer 18

-we’re in A major
-we got there by a perfect cadence
-we had motor rhythms and pedals
-there isnt a new melody

Question 19

how Haydn avoid the second subject sounding exactly the same as the first even though they are the same melody?

Answer 19

-different harmony at bar 76
-interrupted cadence into bar 80
-flute and violin
-melody used like a round at bar 74

Question 20

when do we get a new melody in the second subject section?

Answer 20

at bar 80 when S2B arrives

Question 21

what key is S2B in?

Answer 21

-in A major

Question 22

what is the role of the codetta?

Answer 22

to round off the exposition and confirm our new key of A major.

Question 23

what is the codetta theme similar to?

Answer 23

part of subject 1

Question 24

what is the role of the strings in the codetta?

Answer 24

low strings confirm the chords

Question 25

how does the codeta finish?

Answer 25

perfect cadence in A major

Question 26

give some features of the codetta?

Answer 26

-held brass notes
-motor rhythms in the viola
-scalic runs, arpeggios and block chords

Question 27

what style galant features are heard in the development?

Answer 27

-motor rhythms
-melodic fragmentation
-dialogue
-pedals
-arpeggios and scalic runs

Question 28

are there many modulations in the development?

Answer 28

yes including some remote keys like c# minor

Question 29

what are some typical haydn features heard in the development?

Answer 29

-transient (temporary) modulations
-neapolitan chords
-german augmented 6ths

Question 30

how is subject 1 manipulated in the development?

Answer 30

its fragmented and used in dialogue

Question 31

what is one of the keys that we quickly switch to in the development?

Answer 31

E major - its confirmed by perfect cadences - this quick shift is a very Mozart idea

Question 32

what should we hear in the recapitulation and what do we actually hear?

Answer 32

it should be a copy and paste of the exposition but S2A and S2B stay in D major and it finishes with a perfect cadence in D major

Question 33

how does Haydn prevent the recapitulation from being boring?

Answer 33

-he carries out melodic development to prevent us from hearing the same material twice
-he changes the instrumentation

Question 34

describe S1A in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it

Answer 34

-S1A returns in D major which is expected
-the second half of S1A is a woodwind trio with more polyphonic writing than before - unexpected

Question 35

describe the transition theme in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it

Answer 35

-it returns in the home tonic of D major which is expected
-the theme is then fragmented - unexpected
-bars of silence included
-pizzicato low strings

Question 36

describe the subject two themes in the recapitulation and what is interesting about them

Answer 36

-the S2A theme returns in D major which is expected
-the S2B theme returns in D major as well (expected) but is shorter (unexpected)

Question 37

describe the codetta theme in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it

Answer 37

-it returns in D major which is expected
-it is used for further harmonic development which is unexpected but the same as the exposition

Question 38

what happens at the end of the piece which is expected

Answer 38

there is a series of perfect cadences, scalic runs, arpeggios and hammer strokes to round off the piece