Haydn 104: Movement 1 Flashcards
How can the use of themes be described in this movement and what does that mean?
monothematic - having a single dominating theme throughout
what key is this movement in?
D major
the development section is based on a single fragment of a melody - which melody is this?
a fragment of the melody from S1A
describe the keys that are modulated to in the development section
remote
describe the texture in the introduction
-octave unison
-dialogue with diminished chords between violin 1 and the other strings
what interesting chord is used in the introduction?
neapolitan chord
what cadence finishes the introduction?
imperfect cadence
how can we describe the melody that is played in octave unison in the introduction? what is the impact of this on the intro?
a dotted fanfare - it makes for a grand opening like an italian overture (or the opening of a musical in modern terms)
the introduction can be broken down into three sections - describe section 1
-the fanfare theme in octave unison
-ominous string and bassoon dialogue
-ending with a perfect cadence
describe the second section of the introduction
-fanfare theme returns now in F major
-ominous strings and bassoon have more chromaticism, rising sequences and the flutes get involved
describe the third section of the introduction
-fanfare theme returns in D major but we only hear half of it
-ominous strings and bassoon return with a neapolitan chord and a pedal
how is the exposition monothematic is it has two melodies?
they have the same tune
what key does the exposition finish in?
A major
what typical classical features can be seen in the exposition?
-scales and arpeggios
-pedal notes
-dialogue
-motor rhythms
-functional harmony
name some features of the exposition that are typical of style galant
-a chain of suspensions in the violin 2s
-cello in parallel motion with violin 1
-imperfect cadence
-syncopation in violin 2 and cello
when does the transition theme appear?
bar 50
what happens in the transition theme and why is it there?
-mini circle of fifths and a sequence in violin 1
-used to get to A major
describe the moment in the music where we get to the second subject section
-we’re in A major
-we got there by a perfect cadence
-we had motor rhythms and pedals
-there isnt a new melody
how Haydn avoid the second subject sounding exactly the same as the first even though they are the same melody?
-different harmony at bar 76
-interrupted cadence into bar 80
-flute and violin
-melody used like a round at bar 74
when do we get a new melody in the second subject section?
at bar 80 when S2B arrives
what key is S2B in?
-in A major
what is the role of the codetta?
to round off the exposition and confirm our new key of A major.
what is the codetta theme similar to?
part of subject 1
what is the role of the strings in the codetta?
low strings confirm the chords
how does the codeta finish?
perfect cadence in A major
give some features of the codetta?
-held brass notes
-motor rhythms in the viola
-scalic runs, arpeggios and block chords
what style galant features are heard in the development?
-motor rhythms
-melodic fragmentation
-dialogue
-pedals
-arpeggios and scalic runs
are there many modulations in the development?
yes including some remote keys like c# minor
what are some typical haydn features heard in the development?
-transient (temporary) modulations
-neapolitan chords
-german augmented 6ths
how is subject 1 manipulated in the development?
its fragmented and used in dialogue
what is one of the keys that we quickly switch to in the development?
E major - its confirmed by perfect cadences - this quick shift is a very Mozart idea
what should we hear in the recapitulation and what do we actually hear?
it should be a copy and paste of the exposition but S2A and S2B stay in D major and it finishes with a perfect cadence in D major
how does Haydn prevent the recapitulation from being boring?
-he carries out melodic development to prevent us from hearing the same material twice
-he changes the instrumentation
describe S1A in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it
-S1A returns in D major which is expected
-the second half of S1A is a woodwind trio with more polyphonic writing than before - unexpected
describe the transition theme in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it
-it returns in the home tonic of D major which is expected
-the theme is then fragmented - unexpected
-bars of silence included
-pizzicato low strings
describe the subject two themes in the recapitulation and what is interesting about them
-the S2A theme returns in D major which is expected
-the S2B theme returns in D major as well (expected) but is shorter (unexpected)
describe the codetta theme in the recapitulation and what is interesting about it
-it returns in D major which is expected
-it is used for further harmonic development which is unexpected but the same as the exposition
what happens at the end of the piece which is expected
there is a series of perfect cadences, scalic runs, arpeggios and hammer strokes to round off the piece
