Hawaii Test Flashcards
What is UCC
Uniform Commercial Code used to file lien on personal property (not fixtures) for a loan - used by commercial lease (fridge) through bill of sale
What is Right of Election
allows surviving spouse to claim 3-50% of estate based on time married for homestead property and deceased exclusively owned property. Must is completed in a time period and not transferable (replaced dower and curtesy.
Who are Reciprocal Beneficiaries
Tenancy by Entirety for husband and wife Equal, undivided interest as though the were one owner. Spouse gets through right of survivorship. Fractional ownership cannot be conveyed to 3rd parties unless agreed by both parties
Foreclosure only on joint debt
Terminated by death, party agreement, divorce or court order sale
Tenancy in Partnership
Ownership held by business partners (general partners) under the Uniform Partnership Act where partners are granted equal rights but the property must be used in connection with the business and individual rights are not assignable. Limited partners not liable.
Real Estate Partnerships
Real estate partnerships - under direct management of principal broker (general partner and holds broker license)
Real estate Corporations
Officer or employee must manage and have broker license
Land Trusts
Real estate is the only asset and Trustor is normally the beneficiary. The deed in trust grants the beneficiary right of possession and control over the trustee. The beneficiary is also not on record and their interest is personal property. Entrity in severalty.
Condominiums
Own fee simple in title to interior airspace of unit only and proportional % share of common elements with all other owners as Tenants in Common and can’t be separated (no charge for common elements). limited common elements (parking spot) are pertinent to specific units Developer provides declaration, final public report (Disclosure Statement) , rescission period 30 days.
New buyer may require approval of association
Condominium Development
Master Deed with Declaration of provisions
Resales of Condominiums
Resales remove the Public Report and require a standard sales purchase agreement and seller’s disclosures
0 days rescission
Associations provide RR105C disclosure statement
Condominium insurance
Liability insurance can be required by the association (HOA)
Condominium Disclosure Form
RR105C
Supplied by the association
Cooperatives
Shares in non profit corporation with Proprietary lease (owner has share in company and pays no rent) as personal property with control by association who owned property. Ratio of leased interest as percentage of overall company value = unit value. Plus pays prorated expenses for running coop.
Foreclosure would be over whole property and if occurs terminates the proprietary lease
Timeshare
Time share lease - rented on scheduled basis over agreed time and period (10 years)
Time share freehold - tenants in common with undivided interest in property with prorated expenses. Right to partition is removed
7 day rescission, mutual right to rescind. Unlicensed acquisition agent promotes attendance to sales presentation for a gift for attending. Gift given at any time.
Who administers Timeshares
Time Share administrator appointed by DCCA (department of commerce and consumer affairs)
DCCA
Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs. Administers, registers and enforces Hawaii laws relating to corporations, partnerships, securities, franchises, and the registration of trade names and trademarks and service marks.
Prescriptive easement
20 years and must be:
Not secret (open, notorious and visible)
No permission given (hostile and adverse to owners interest)
Exclusive to the party making the claim
Continuous and uninterrupted. Does not change boundaries or give title.
Tax liens
Lien until tax is paid and 1st in payment. If delinquent 3 years state can foreclose with public auction (expenses paid 1st). Statutory redemption within 1 year
Superior liens include
Real estate tax liens
Special assessment liens
Federal estate tax liens
State inheritance tax liens
Junior liens
Federal and state income tax liens
Judgment liens
Mortgages
Vendor and mechanic’s liens
Mechanic’s and Materialman’s lien
Mechanics Lien is a specific involuntary lien filed when contracted work has not been paid for. Priority is commencement of work
Person filing must have furnished material, labor specifically for the job where lien attached
Lien must be filed within 45 days after date of completion of improvement (notice of improvement)
Liens for wages are prioritized up to $300
Specific Lien attached to specific property
Vendor’s/seller’s lien secures a purchase money mortgage for a buyer of the property
Judgment liens
Statutory lien in an involuntary order by law
Equitable lien is a involuntary lien by court judgment
Ordered by the court and within statutory 10 years. Recorded at bureau of conveyances/land court. Once satisfied, debtor can file satisfaction of judgment to remove embumberance.
Subordination agreement
Changes priority of Liens
Mineral rights
Reserved to state
PASH
Public Access shoreline Hawaii - can go on property for traditional rights. Title companies (ESCROW) can exempt themselves from claims
Shoreline property boundaries
High water wash of waves is seaward boundary. Setback 20-40’
Homeowners Tax Exemptions
Mortgage interest payments in 1st and 2nd homes, Real estate taxes, Loan origination fees, Loan discount points, Loan repayment penalties. Capital gains tax for profits on sale of principal residence
500,000 married couple, $250,000 single person for 2 years out of last 5 years
SMA
Special Management Area by coastline where development needs more hearings and permits to prevent harm to beaches, oceans and creatures. Know flood hazard, shoreline setbacks or tsunami zones
Easements
Create written agreement between parties with;
Dominant tenement benefits
Servient tenement benefits
Easement by Necessity
Easement by Prescription
Easement by Necessity not permitted in HI
No adverse possession if land court or over 5 acres
Appurtenance
Something that is considered a part of the property, is sold with the property, and it is passed on to the new owners
CC&R
Covenants Conditions and restrictions (deed restrictions) run with the land and cannot be removed
De Minimis
Resolves conflicts (encroachment agreement) between old and new surveys
Commercial, Industry, multi unit residential 3”
Residential 6”
Agricultural and Rural 9”
Conservation 18”
Not encroachment for any zoning violations or adverse possession claims (trespassing)
Independent Contractor Licensee
Commission only (no withholding for tax or social security)
Freedom to set hours
Broker has liability for their work
Must comply with IRS requirements for qualified real estate agent
50-100% commission plan only paid by employing broker.
Can be regulated by Real Estate Commission and broker to protect the public
Employed licensee
Salary not commission
Benefits such as health cover etc
Broker withholds tax and social security
Broker sets hours and duties
Broker has liability for their work
REC
Real Estate Commission
9 members what are US citizens and 3 years state resident
4 must be real estate people with 3 years in business
4 from Oahu, 1 from Maui, Hawaii and Kauai and 2 public = 9
4 year term and no pay
Broker rules
Must retain records for 3 years including Client Trust Account Records
License renewals
All licensees must inform REC if they change name, address, firm (10 days) on change form
Broker files all name, address, branch office, officers and director
If broker license is not active then all licensees are inactive in brokerage
FSBO
For Sale By Owner - Not allowed if licensed real estate person
License Revoked
Intentional misrepresentation of the facts/property description etc
Negligent misrepresentation if the agent should have reasonable know and declared the facts
Misrepresentation of Expertise where the agent provides opinion outside of their field of duty
undisclosed dual agency, accepting payment from person other than own broker.
Up to 5 years for revoke or suspension
RICO
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.
The watchdog for service providers in industries and occupations that are regulated by a professional or vocational licensing board within the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affair
Agency disclosure
Disclosure of all material facts that agent should know (opinion of property condition, buyer’s motivations and financial status, open disclosure of relationship with other buyers, title defects, environmental hazards and defects) Must be made at each of (3 times) 1-obtain listing, 2-prepare contract, 3-present contract
Broker license application
Experience as licensed salesperson for 3 of 5 years immediately prior to licensing exam.
Outside Public Contact (OPC)
Acquisition agent for a timeshare developer. Unlicensed but works for developer and cannot sell timeshares.
Listing and Sales Contracts
All parties should sign and all terms are negotiable.
Pre sales contract to seller licensee must disclose listing broker,
If For Sale by Home Owner who the selling brokerage represents. Agency disclosure must be confirmed a separate title paragraph in no less than 10 point bold
Disclose buyer agency to seller or listing brokerage before negotiations start
Agreement of Sale???
Buyer gets equitable title until second closing, then gets legal title with conveyancing tax
Plain language act
Property under $25,000 for personal, family or household purpose or lease less than 5 years written in clear common language
Mandatory Sellers Disclosures
Responsibility of seller only. Buyer can rescind if not given or continue with sale. (a) signed and dated by the seller within six (6) months before or ten (10) calendar days after the acceptance of a Hawaii real estate purchase