HATDUG

Question 1

The application of engineering and biological principles to the
solution of soil and water management problems.

Answer 1

SWCE

Question 2

The science that deals with hydrological problems involving the
hydrologic cycle, the water budget and the rainfall statistics of
storms.

Answer 2

Hydrometeorology

Question 3

It is the circulation of water from the ocean, through the atmosphere
back to the ocean, or to the land and thence to the ocean again by
overland and subterranean routes.

a. Water Balance c. Water Cycle e. All of the above
b. Hydrologic Cycle d. Both b and c

Answer 3

BOTH B AND C

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the shape of the hydrograph
for a storm that passed a fan shaped watershed?

Answer 4

DI MA INSERT ANG PIC KAMO AJDUST NUMBER 4 NI LETTER C ANSWER

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the shape of the hydrograph
for a storm that passed an elongated horizontal watershed?

Answer 5

NUMBER 5 - B

Question 6

Additional height of the dam provided as a safety factor to prevent
overtopping by wave action or other causes.

a. dike height c. side slope e. wall
b. freeboard d. fetch

Answer 6

B. FREEBOARD

Question 7

A structure that serves as an outlet of irrigation water into the main
farm ditch or service.

a. offtake c. cross regulator e. alley
b. flow divisor d. turnout

Answer 7

d. turnout

Question 8

Actual height of the embankment after settlement.

a. inside height c. freeboard e. designed height
b. outside height d. finished height

Answer 8

e. designed height

Question 9

Height of the embankment to be attained during construction

a. inside height c. freeboard e. designed height
b. outside height d. finished height

Answer 9

d. finished height

Question 10

Downward movement of water through the soil profile or other
porous media.

a. Precipitation c. Runoff e. Infiltration
b. Condensation d. Percolation

Answer 10

d. Percolation

Question 11

The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

a. Seepage c. Runoff e. Infiltration
b. Condensation d. Percolation

Answer 11

e. Infiltration

Question 12

Water that does not infiltrate the soil and flows on the surface.

a. Precipitation c. Runoff e. Infiltration
b. Condensation d. Percolation

Answer 12

c. Runoff

Question 13

Slope of the upstream face of the embankment.

a. outside slope c. side slope e. none of the above
b. inside slope d. soil gradient

Answer 13

b. inside slope

Question 14

A remedial measure that can be used to address high bicarbonate
concentration in irrigation water is

a. leaching c. over-irrigation e. drainage
b. liming d. eutrophication

Answer 14

b. liming

Question 15

Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting
in loss of salts or nutrients.

a. vertical percolation c. leaching e. drainage
b. root zone percolation d. saltation

Answer 15

c. leaching

Question 16

The level rod reading on a turning point or on some other point having an unknown elevation.

a. foresight c. level e. sidesight
b. backsight d. hindsight

Answer 16

a. foresight

Question 17

It is an orderly sequence of planting crop in an area for a 365-day
period.
a. cropping pattern c. crop combination e. a&b
b. crop sequence d. cropping schedule

Answer 17

a. cropping pattern

Question 18

IWRM stands for
a. Integrated Water Resources Management
b. International Water Resources Management
c. Integrated Water Resources Mapping
d. International Water Resources Mapping
e. None of the above

Answer 18

a. Integrated Water Resources Management

Question 19

Type of sediment load along the stream characterized as sediments
that are sometimes stationary and sometimes carried by the water
along the stream.
a. Bed load c. Temporary load e. b&d
b. Saltating load d. Suspended load

Answer 19

b. Saltating load

Question 20

The longitudinal length along the outer surface of a pipe or conduit
plus the length along antiseep collars within an earth embankment.
a. creep distance c. alley e. freeboard
b. crest d. break distance

Answer 20

a. creep distance

Question 21

Runoff is produced when this property of the soil is exceeded.
a. percolation rate c. permeability e. both a and c
b. erodibility d. infiltration rate

Answer 21

d. infiltration rate

Question 22

Runoff includes
a. Interflow
b. Surface runoff
c. Groundwater flow
d. b & c
e. all of the above

Answer 22

E. ALL

Question 23

The drop spillway is constructed at the depth height of
a. > 3 ft c. > 10 ft e. none of the above
b. > 8 ft d. >12 ft

Answer 23

a. > 3 ft

Question 24

Structure device designed to hold a pool of water to cushion the
impact and retard the flow of falling water from an overflow weir,
chute or drop.
a. sill c. apron e. alley
b. stilling basin d. pond

Answer 24

b. stilling basin

Question 25

How many types are there in the Philippine Precipitation? a. 1 c. 3 e. 5 b. 2 d. 4

Answer 25

d. 4

Question 26

These are pipelines built on or near the ground surface to convey water across wide depressions. a. inverted siphons c. siphons e. chute b. laterals d. flumes

Answer 26

a. inverted siphons

Question 27

It is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil. a. void volume c. bulk density e. soil density b. porosity d. void density

Answer 27

b. porosity

Question 28

It refers to the composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as rivers, streams and lakes. a. main canal c. diversion dam e. none of the above b. headworks d. irrigation structures

Answer 28

b. headworks

Question 29

The soil moisture constant describing the amount of moisture retained by the soil against a suction pressure of 1/3 atmosphere. a. saturation point c. field capacity e. none of the above b. hygroscopic moisture d. permanent wilting point

Answer 29

c. field capacity

Question 30

Distribution control structures placed across an irrigation ditch to block the flow temporarily and to raise the upstream water level. a. turnouts c. checks e. gabion b. culverts d. weirs

Answer 30

c. checks

Question 31

The application of water in the soil to supply moisture needed for plant growth. a. flooding c. drainage e. diverting b. sprinkling d. irrigation

Answer 31

d. irrigation

Question 32

Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum, hence, no other backwater forces are involved. a. minimum depth c. energy depth e. maximum depth b. critical depth d. normal depth

Answer 32

b. critical depth

Question 33

Elevated section of open channel used for crossing natural depressions. a. parshall flume c. siphon e. a&b b. flume d. elevated channel

Answer 33

b. flume

Question 34

Elevation of water surface in a stream with reference to a certain datum. a. stage c. contour e. a and b b. surface elevation d. water elevation

Answer 34

a. stage

Question 35

The primary purpose in limiting water flow not to go below minimum velocity. a. avoid percolation b. avoid sedimentation c. avoid critical depth d. optimize flow e. none of the above

Answer 35

b. avoid sedimentation

Question 36

Which one is the flattest canal side slope? a. 1:1 c. 4:1 e. 1:2 b. 1:4 d. 2:1

Answer 36

c. 4:1

Question 37

Inside bottom or sill of the conduit. a. invert c. inside sill e. top sill b. inside base d. bottom sill

Answer 37

a. invert

Question 38

Moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed. a. soil capacity c. specific gravity e. none of the above b. field capacity d. gravitational moisture

Answer 38

b. field capacity

Question 39

Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained in an open channel without reaching the freeboard. a. normal stage c. critical depth e. Inflection point b. maximum storage d. design depth

Answer 39

d. design depth

Question 40

Part of the system that impounds the runoff. a. storage c. impounding e. irrigation b. reservoir d. runoff collector

Answer 40

b. reservoir

Question 41

Slope at the downstream face of the embankment. a. outside slope c. side slope e. none of the above b. inside slope d. soil gradient

Answer 41

a. outside slope

Question 42

Vertical flow of water to carry salts contained in water. a. leaching c. infiltration e. runoff b. percolation d. seepage

Answer 42

a. leaching

Question 43

A kind of terrace which consists of a series of flattened areas. a. broad-base c. bench e. conservation terrace b. rice terrace d. flat terrace

Answer 43

c. bench

Question 44

The practice where legumes are plowed or incorporated into the soil. a. legume manuring c. manuring e. none of the above b. leguming d. green manuring

Answer 44

d. green manuring

Question 45

An imaginary level line that connects points of equal elevation. a. contour c. level e. benchmark b. datum d. interval

Answer 45

a. contour

Question 46

The phases of soil erosion. a. Detachment, Transportation, Deposition b. Saltation, Transportation, Deposition c. Saltation, Detachment, Deposition d. Detachment, Transportation, Saltation e. None of the above

Answer 46

a. Detachment, Transportation, Deposition

Question 47

Farming practice where plowing and harrowing are done along the contour. a. crop row aligning b. contour plowing c. strip cultivation d. contouring

Answer 47

d. contouring

Question 48

Dam which resists water flow of water by its weight. a. resisting dam c. gravity dam e. a&c b. buttress dam d. arc dam

Answer 48

c. gravity dam

Question 49

Runoff is mostly affected by this climatic factor. a. Season of the year b. Rainfall duration and intensity c. Meteorological conditions d. Frozen soil conditions e. Dry soil conditions

Answer 49

b. Rainfall duration and intensity

Question 50

Dam consisting of stones enclosed in cyclone wires which allows water passage. a. gabion dam c. cyclone dam e. a and c b. stone dam d. interlink dam

Answer 50

a. gabion dam

Question 51

Material used to cover the soil to minimize evapotranspiration. a. plastic c. leaves e. a and d b. mulch d. soil cover

Answer 51

b. mulch

Question 52

Farming practice where plowing and harrowing are done along the contour. a. contouring c. row aligning e. mulching b. strip cropping d. plowing

Answer 52

a. contouring

Question 53

Philippines has a total land area of around a. 30 M ha c. 40 M ha e. 60 M ha b. 25 M ha d. 50 M ha

Answer 53

a. 30 M ha

Question 54

Geologic formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite. a. geologic layer c. karst topography e. aquifer b. dissolved layer d. soluble layer

Answer 54

c. karst topography

Question 55

Alternate planting of different crops on successive planting seasons. a. Contouring c. Mulching e. Zero tillage b. Strip cropping d. Crop rotation

Answer 55

d. Crop rotation

Question 56

Alternate planting of two or more different crops along contours. a. Contouring c. Mulching e. Zero tillage b. Strip cropping d. Crop rotation

Answer 56

b. Strip cropping

Question 57

Placement of crop residues or other materials around the base of plants or throughout the field. a. Contouring c. Mulching e. Zero tillage b. Strip cropping d. Crop rotation

Answer 57

c. Mulching

Question 58

Planting along contours or land surface with the same elevation. a. Contouring c. Mulching e. Zero tillage b. Strip cropping d. Crop rotation

Answer 58

a. Contouring

Question 59

A minimum tillage practice in which the crop is sown directly into soil not tilled since the previous crop. a. Contouring c. Mulching e. Zero tillage b. Strip cropping d. Crop rotation

Answer 59

e. Zero tillage

Question 60

Any permeable textile material (synthetic or natural fibers) that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc. to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion. a. geosynthetic c. coconets e. all of the above b. geotextile d. a&b

Answer 60

d. a&b

Question 61

A natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering stream. a. terracing c. protected waterways e. cut-off b. diversion channels d. geotextile

Answer 61

e. cut-off

Question 62

A type of terrace which is applied for 20-30% slope and constructed along the contours into the hill slope in a step-like formation. a. bench terrace c. broad-based terrace e. orchard terrace b. zing terrace d. basin terrace

Answer 62

a. bench terrace

Question 63

Flooding that occurs along a channel. a. riverine flooding c. shallow flooding e. stream flooding b. coastal flooding d. deep flooding

Answer 63

a. riverine flooding

Question 64

It caused by a persistent high wind and changes in air pressure which push water toward the shore and raise the level of a large body of water by several feet. a. storm surge c. tsunami e. a & c b. flashflood d. shallow flood

Answer 64

a. storm surge

Question 65

It occurs in flat areas where a lack of channels cannot drain water away easily. a. riverine flooding c. shallow flooding e. stream flooding b. coastal flooding d. deep flooding

Answer 65

c. shallow flooding

Question 66

A naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water or by the force of gravity acting on the particle itself. a. soil particles c. peebles e. sediment b. mineral d. sand

Answer 66

e. sediment

Question 67

The method for inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. a. water storing c. water diversion e. water conservation b. water collecting d. rainwater harvesting

Answer 67

d. rainwater harvesting

Question 68

It acts as a front wall against runoff flow in the drop spillway. a. head wall c. toe wall e. cut-off wall b. wing wall d. side wall

Answer 68

a. head wall

Question 69

A system consisting an earth dam to trap, harvest and store rainfall and runoff with an embankment height of less than 5 m and a pond area of about 1500 m2 . a. SFR c. FMR e. none of the above b. SWIP d. SFS

Answer 69

a. SFR

Question 70

A type of landslide that occurs when runoff saturates the ground. Soil that is drying during weather turns into a liquid solution that slides downhill. a. mudflow c. landslide e. none of the above b. soil flow d. ice flow

Answer 70

a. mudflow

Question 71

It describes the drainage after it reaches a defined channel. a. streamflow c. sheetflow e. infiltration b. runoff d. percolation

Answer 71

a. streamflow

Question 72

It is defined as an earth fill structure built across a narrow depression or valley to harvest and store rainfall and runoff for immediate and multiple use. It has a height of 5 m to a maximum of 15 m and service area of 25 ha to 150 ha. a. SFR c. FMR e. none of the above b. SWIP d. SFS

Answer 72

b. SWIP

Question 73

The following data are required in designing a bench terrace, except a. average annual rainfall b. soil type and depth c. average slope of the area d. crop and soil management e. None of the above

Answer 73

e. None of the above

Question 74

With all other conditions being the same, which of the following watershed cover has the highest peak flow rate? a. primary forest c. farmland e. none of the above b. grassland d. urban area

Answer 74

d. urban area

Question 75

With all other conditions being the same, which of the following watershed cover has the lowest runoff volume? a. primary forest c. farmland e. none of the above b. grassland d. urban area

Answer 75

a. primary forest

Question 76

For items 76-78: Refer to the following watershed shapes. 76. With all other conditions being the same, rank the watershed shapes from highest to lowest runoff volume. a. A-B-C c. B-A-C e. B-C-A b. C-B-A d. C-A-B

Answer 76

c. B-A-C

Question 77

77. With all other conditions being the same, rank the watershed shapes from highest to lowest base flow rate. a. A-B-C c. B-A-C e. B-C-A b. C-B-A d. C-A-B

Answer 77

d. C-A-B

Question 78

78. With all other conditions being the same, rank the watershed shapes from highest to lowest peak flow rate. a. A-B-C c. B-A-C e. B-C-A b. C-B-A d. C-A-B

Answer 78

c. B-A-C

Question 79

79. With all other conditions being the same, which of the following watershed cover has the shortest (fastest) time to peak? a. primary forest c. farmland e. none of the above b. grassland d. urban area

Answer 79

d. urban area

Question 80

Spillway which is not excavated such as natural draw, saddle or drainage way. a. normal spillway c. natural reservoir e. none of the above b. soil spillway d. natural spillway

Answer 80

d. natural spillway

Question 81

Vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest. a. reservoir height c. normal height e. maximum height b. dam height d. structural height

Answer 81

b. dam height

Question 82

Vertical distance measured from the top of the dam down to the bedrock a. reservoir height c. normal height e. maximum height b. dam height d. structural height

Answer 82

d. structural height

Question 83

Type of small farm reservoir where water is impounded on the upstream side of the dam. It is suited to an area with an undulating topography. a. straight embankment c. dugout pond e. none of the above b. semicircular embankment d. rectangular excavation

Answer 83

a. straight embankment

Question 84

The only design suited to flat areas. Water is stored below the ground level and pumping is required. a. straight embankment c. dugout pond e. none of the above b. semicircular embankment d. rectangular excavation

Answer 84

c. dugout pond

Question 85

Water is impounded against the slope behind a semicircular embankment. a. straight embankment c. dugout pond e. none of the above b. semicircular embankment d. rectangular excavation

Answer 85

b. semicircular embankment

Question 86

The application of water in the soil to supply moisture needed for plant growth. a. flooding c. drainage e. diverting b. sprinkling d. irrigation

Answer 86

d. irrigation

Question 87

In PAES 610:2016-Small Farm Reservoir, the reservoir shall be located in areas with slope ________. a. 0%-25% c. 0%-15% e. 0%-20% b. 10%-15% d. 10%-25%

Answer 87

c. 0%-15%

Question 88

Volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and normal water level. a. active storage c. specific storage e. none of the above b. normal storage d. dead storage

Answer 88

a. active storage

Question 89

Volume below the intake structure. a. active storage c. specific storage e. none of the above b. normal storage d. dead storage

Answer 89

d. dead storage

Question 90

A dam component which prevents migration of small particles and screen off fine materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping. a. drainer c. screener e. a and b b. trapper d. filter drain

Answer 90

d. filter drain

Question 91

Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained by the dam or reservoir without flow in the spillway. a. Maximum storage elevation b. Normal storage elevation c. Active storage elevation d. Natural storage elevation e. none of the above

Answer 91

b. Normal storage elevation

Question 92

Part of the system that impounds the runoff. a. reservoir c. embankment e. dam b. spillway d. watershed

Answer 92

a. reservoir

Question 93

Area which contributes runoff or drains water into the reservoir. a. reservoir c. embankment e. dam b. spillway d. watershed

Answer 93

d. watershed

Question 94

In PAES 609:2016-Small Water Impounding System under site selection, the soil shall be well-graded and shall contain at least ___ clay. a. 30% c. 20% e. 40% b. 25% d. 35%

Answer 94

a. 30%

Question 95

The following conditions shall be avoided in locating a proposed dam and reservoir, except a. sink holes c. mud deposits e. none of the above b. faults d. Karst topography

Answer 95

. none of the above

Question 96

In PAES 609:2016-Small Water Impounding System, the watershed shall have a maximum slope of ____. a. 10% c. 15% e. 20% b. 12% d. 18%

Answer 96

d. 18%

Question 97

This type of soil shall be avoided in the site selection of a proposed SFR. a. peat soils c. saline e. all of the above b. heavy clays d. sodic soils

Answer 97

e. all of the above

Question 98

A definite point on an object of known elevation which serves as reference for leveling work. a. contour c. level e. benchmark b. datum d. interval

Answer 98

e. benchmark

Question 99

For items 99-100: Refer to the following wind directions during storm.. 99. With all other conditions being the same, rank them from highest to lowest runoff volume. a. A-B-C c. B-A-C e. B-C-A b. C-B-A d. C-A-B

Answer 99

b. C-B-A

Question 100

100. With all other conditions being the same, rank them from highest to lowest base flow rate. a. A-B-C c. B-A-C e. B-C-A b. C-B-A d. C-A-B

Answer 100

a. A-B-C