Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LC Cardiology Week 6 > Harvey Booklet > Flashcards

Harvey Booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What does the first heart sound herald?

A

The beginning of systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the first heart sound?

A

The closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the second heart sound herald?

A

The end of systole and the start of diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes the second heart sound?

A

The closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do systolic murmurs coincide with the carotid pulse?

A

Yes, systolic murmurs coincide with the carotid pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do diastolic murmurs coincide with the carotid pulse?

A

No, diastolic murmurs do not coincide with the carotid pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is splitting of the 2nd heart sound due to?

A

Decreased intrathoracic pressure during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the decreased intrathoraic pressure result in?

A

Increased venous return to the right side of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the increased venous return to the right side of the heart result in?

A

Increased right ventricular volume, which prolongs the right ventricular ejection time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which component of the 2nd heard sound during splitting is the loudest?

A

The aortic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is splitting of the 2nd heart sound best heard?

A

2nd intercostal left sternal edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the significance of the 2nd heart sound splitting on inspiration?

A

It is a normal finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 3rd heart sound?

A

An early diastolic low frequency filling sound

Low pitched early diastolic sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does the 3rd heart sound occur?

A

Immediately after the 2nd heart sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the 3rd heart sound related to?

A

The acceleration and deceleration of blood during the early passive filling of the ventricle

Coincides with the rapid ventricular filling immediately after opening of the atrioventricular valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the 3rd heart sound best heard?

A

At the apex with the bell

17
Q

What is the significance of S3 in a healthy child/young adult?

A

Normal finding

18
Q

What is the significance of S3 in an older patient with known/suspected cardiac disease?

A

Usually pathological - commonly left ventricular systolic dysfunction

19
Q

What is the 4th heart sound?

A

A late diastolic low frequency filling sound

20
Q

What is the 4th heart sound due to?

A

The atrial contraction causing rapid blood flow into a less compliant (or stiff) ventricle

Forceful atrial contraction against a non-compliant/stiff ventricle

21
Q

What are some of the causes of a less compliant ventricule?

A

Aortic stenosis
MI
Hypertension

22
Q

What is the significance of a 4th heart sound?

A

ALWAYS pathological

Good indicator of the severity of hypertension or aortic stenosis

23
Q

What are cardiac murmurs caused by?

A

Turbulent blood flow in the heart

24
Q

What would a full description of any cardiac murmur include?

A 
Intensity (grading) 
Radiation 
Character + pitch 
Timing 
Location
25
Q

What is an innocent cardiac murmur?

A

A systolic flow murmur usually caused by a turbulence of blood in the RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT

26
Q

When is an innocent cardiac murmur usually loudest?

A

When the blood flow is hyper dynamic (pregnancy, anaemic, fever etc)

27
Q

What are the characteristics of an innocent murmur?

A 
Soft mid systolic 
Usually heard in the pulmonary area 
Localised to one auscultatory area 
NO radiation 
NO other cardiac abnormalities (no symptoms, clinical signs, etc)
28
Q

What is a pathological cardiac murmur?

A

A murmur which is caused by a turbulence of blood flow due to a structural abnormality

Can be systolic or diastolic

29
Q

What are the characteristics of pathological murmurs?

A

DIASTOLIC murmur are always pathological
EJECTION SYSTOLIC especially late peaking and PAN SYSTOLIC murmurs are often pathological
NOT LOCALISED - may be audible in more than one area
RADIATION - may radiate (e.g to the neck in aortic stenosis or to the axilla in mitral regurgitation)
ASSOCIATED ABNORMALITIES - murmurs with symptoms or other clinical signs (e.g. low volume pulse, thrills, palpable heaves etc)

30
Q

When can S4 not occur?

A

When the heart is in AF

LC Cardiology Week 6 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions