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World History > Harrison Midterm > Flashcards

Harrison Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

anabaptist

A

“Baptize again” people re-baptized as adults

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2
Q

Bruegel

A

Flemish painter- peasant life

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3
Q

Calvin

A

Humans sinful by nature-God saves select few (the elect)

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4
Q

Catiglione

A

wrote The Courtier describes the Renaissance man and woman

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5
Q

Council of Trent decisions

A
  1. Church interpretation of Bible final
  2. Need faith and good works for salvation
  3. Bible and Church equal authorities
  4. Indulgences valid professions of faith
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6
Q

Donatello

A

sculpted David-1st large freestanding nude

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7
Q

Gutenberg

A

Printing Press-Printed the Bible

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8
Q

Holbein

A

Painted portraits with photographic detail

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9
Q

Huguenots

A

Calvinists in France

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10
Q

Ignatius of Loyola

A

Daily devotions-followers called Jesuits

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11
Q

Knox

A

started Presbyterian religion-based on Calvins ideas

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12
Q

Leo X

A

Threatened Luther with excommunication unless he took back what he said

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13
Q

Luther

A

Teacher-posted 95 Theses on church door

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14
Q

Luthers ideas

A
  1. Need only faith for salvation
  2. All church teachings clearly based on bible
  3. All people of faith are equal
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15
Q

Medici

A

wealthy family who owned chain of banks-ruled Florence behind the scenes

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16
Q

MIchelangelo

A

sculpted David; Sistine chapel- realistic human features and posture

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17
Q

Petrarch

A

Humanist-wrote sonnets to Laura

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18
Q

Printing Press

A

spread ideas faster-more people could read because books cheaper

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19
Q

Raphael

A

used perspective-painted School of Athens

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20
Q

Reasons for Reformation

A

the Renaissance made people question the Catholic Church

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21
Q

van Eyke

A

oil paints- techniques painters still use today

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22
Q

Chapter 2 and 3

A

….

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23
Q

da Gama

A

found Calicut brought spices, silk, ect.

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24
Q

Dias

A

wanted to spread Christian religion

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25
Q

Safavid capital-one of the most beautiful cities in world

A

Esfahan

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26
Q

Ghazi

A

warrior for Islam

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27
Q

HIdeyoshi

A

continued mission to unite Japan-invaded Korea

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28
Q

Hongwu

A

drove out the Mongols est. Ming Dynasty in China

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29
Q

Leyasu

A

founded the Tokugawa Shogunate

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30
Q

Janissaries

A

christian boys educated and converted to Islam to fight for Ottoman Empire

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31
Q

Kabuki

A

Japanese theatre

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32
Q

Manchus

A

invaded China and est. Quing Dynasty

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33
Q

Mehmed II

A

took Constantinople-opened city to all to rebuild

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34
Q

Motives for Exploration

A

route to India, riches, religious converts, glory

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35
Q

Nobunaga

A

wanted to control all of Japan-Unite it-but failed

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36
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the New World for exploration

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37
Q

Yonglo

A

sent Zeng He on voyages

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38
Q

Zheng He

A

went on 7 voyages to show China’s power and wealth-giant treasure ships

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39
Q

Chapter 4

A

……..

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40
Q

Atahualpa

A

ruler of Incas- Killed by Pizzaro

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41
Q

Balboa

A

1st European to see the Pacific Ocean

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42
Q

Cabral

A

found Brazil-claimed for Portugal

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43
Q

Cartier

A

found St. Lawrence River and an island that he named Mont Real-later Montreal

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44
Q

Champlain

A

founded Quebec-base of New France

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45
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

global transfer of food, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas

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46
Q

Coronado

A

led expedition through AZ, NM, TX, OK, and KS

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47
Q

Founded New Netherlands-pushed out by British

A

Dutch

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48
Q

Encomienda System

A

landowners claimed the right to the natives’ labor and forced them to work

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49
Q

Hudson

A

explored Hudson River, Bay, and Strait

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50
Q

Jamestown

A

English settlement on coast of Virginia

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51
Q

Joint Stock Companies

A

investors bought shares of the company

52
Q

LaSalle

A

explored lower Mississippi River and claimed the valley for France-named Louisiana

53
Q

deLeon

A

claimed Florida for Spain

54
Q

Mercantilism

A

countries gained power by wealth-selling more goods than are bought or getting as much silver/gold as possible

55
Q

Mestizos

A

Mixed Spanish and Indian

56
Q

Metacom

A

attacked colonial villages-native am. king-King Philip’s War

57
Q

Montezuma II

A

Aztec emperor- thought conquistadors were gods and gave them gold

58
Q

Vespucci

A

Discovered that new world not a part of Asia- America named after him

59
Q

Chapter 5

A

…..

60
Q

Anastasia

A

wife of Ivan the Terrible

61
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

appointed as advisor to Louis XIII moved against Huguenots and weakened nobles’ power

62
Q

Cervantes

A

wrote Don Quixote-1st modern European novel

63
Q

Charles I

A

dissolved Parliament several times because they wouldn’t give him money

64
Q

Charles II

A

restored monarchy to England

65
Q

Colbert

A

helped Louis XIII make France wealthy and improved France’s economy

66
Q

Cromwell

A

dictator of England and banned many activities

67
Q

El Greco

A

the Greek chose bright colors and distorted the human figure

68
Q

English Civil War

A

the Royalists(supporters King Charles) and the Roundheads(supporters of Parliament) fought each other and the Roundheads won

69
Q

Ferdinand

A

Defender of Catholicism-est. the Inquisition

70
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

William of Orange and wife mary were asked by Parliament to rule as constitutional monarchs and they accepted

71
Q

Grand Embassy

A

Czar Peter took a long visit to western Europe

72
Q

Henry IV

A

1st king of Bourbon Dynasty in France-Protestant-converted to Catholicism

73
Q

Hohenzollerns

A

built an empire from small countries like Prussia-Frederick William-strong army only way to defend land

74
Q

Ivan IV

A

AKA Ivan the Terrible-first Czar- had good and bad period- after Anastasias death-murdered boyars whom he suspected to be traiters by secret police force

75
Q

James I

A

King of Scottland-became King of England–King James Version of Bible

76
Q

Mazarin

A

Cathollic-sided with Protestants in 30 yrs. war

77
Q

Rembrandt

A

painted portraits of wealthy middle class- groups of people

78
Q

Restoration

A

Charles II’s rule of England after Oliver Cromwell’s death

79
Q

30 years War

A

European conflict over religion and territory and power among ruling families

80
Q

Tories

A

supported James I

81
Q

Velazquez

A

painted royal family and court life

82
Q

Whigs

A

political party in England who opposed James I

83
Q

Chapter 6

A

…..

84
Q

Aristotle

A

Earth centered universe-Geocentric Theory

85
Q

Bacon

A

People should experiment and make their own conclusions

86
Q

Boyle

A

matter made of small primary particles; Boyle’s Laws-how gas volume, temp, and pressure work together

87
Q

Catherine the Great

A

wanted reform but it never happened

88
Q

Copernicus

A

Heliocentric Theory-everything revolves around the sun- wrote On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies

89
Q

Descartes

A

Scientific Method

90
Q

Diderot

A

Encyclopedia

91
Q

Hobbes

A

All Humans naturally selfish and wicked-Social Contract: agreement between people and ruler

92
Q

Jenner

A

Smallpox-1st vaccine

93
Q

Kepler

A

Brahe’s Assistant- planets revolve in elliptical orbits instead of circles-proved copernicus right

94
Q

Montesquieu

A

French writer- separation of powers-base of U.S. Constitution

95
Q

Neoclassical Art

A

simple and elegante-borrowed Greek and Roman ideas (new classical)

96
Q

Paris

A

Intellectual center of the Enlightenment

97
Q

Rousseau

A

Social Contract between people only; power of government comes from consent of governed

98
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

study of natural world and questioning of accepted beliefs

99
Q

Torricelli

A

barometer

100
Q

Vesalius

A

Dissected human corpses to discover things about the body

101
Q

Chapter 7

A

……

102
Q

Alexander I

A

Czar signed the Holy Alliance- betweed Russia Prussia and Austria- joined to stop the revolution

103
Q

Bastille

A

symbolic act of revolution for the French

104
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

British defeated the French and stopped Napoleon to invade Britain

105
Q

congress of Vienna

A

series of meetings to establish a balance of power after Napoleon’s defeat

106
Q

Conservatives(France)

A

sat on the right side and wanted limited monarchy and few changes

107
Q

Coup’d’etat

A

sudden seizure of political power

108
Q

Danton

A

a Jacobin

109
Q

Louis XVIII

A

disliked by people driven out by Napoleon

110
Q

Marie Louise

A

Napoleon’s Wife-Austrian

111
Q

Matternich’s Goals

A
  1. Prevent French Agression
  2. Restore Royal Families
  3. Restore Balance of power
112
Q

Moderates

A

sat in middle-some changes but not as many as radicals

113
Q

Old Regime

A

France divided into three estates

114
Q

Pope Pius VII

A

Signed concordat with Napoleon saying that he recognized church influence on France but denied church control

115
Q

Radicals

A

Sat on left wanted no monarchy

116
Q

Who Ruled in the Reign of Terror

A

Robespierre

117
Q

Chapter 8

A

……..

118
Q

Alexander II

A

moved Russia toward modernization

119
Q

Bismarck

A

realpolitik-ruled without consent of parliment or budget

120
Q

Cavour

A

Prime Minister-Sardinia-Unified Italy

121
Q

Who were two impressionist painters?

A

Degas and Monet

122
Q

Francis Joseph

A

Austria and Hungary separate

123
Q

Garabaldi

A

Red Shirts won a lot of land and gave to Sardinia to rule-helped unite Italy

124
Q

Romanticism

A

interest in nature and thoughts/feelings of the individual

125
Q

Talbot

A

light sensitive paper used to make photograph

126
Q

Cockerill

A

secretly moved to belgium with plans for spinning machine

127
Q

Herzl

A

started Zionism

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