Harrison Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
anabaptist
A
“Baptize again” people re-baptized as adults
2
Q
Bruegel
A
Flemish painter- peasant life
3
Q
Calvin
A
Humans sinful by nature-God saves select few (the elect)
4
Q
Catiglione
A
wrote The Courtier describes the Renaissance man and woman
5
Q
Council of Trent decisions
A
- Church interpretation of Bible final
- Need faith and good works for salvation
- Bible and Church equal authorities
- Indulgences valid professions of faith
6
Q
Donatello
A
sculpted David-1st large freestanding nude
7
Q
Gutenberg
A
Printing Press-Printed the Bible
8
Q
Holbein
A
Painted portraits with photographic detail
9
Q
Huguenots
A
Calvinists in France
10
Q
Ignatius of Loyola
A
Daily devotions-followers called Jesuits
11
Q
Knox
A
started Presbyterian religion-based on Calvins ideas
12
Q
Leo X
A
Threatened Luther with excommunication unless he took back what he said
13
Q
Luther
A
Teacher-posted 95 Theses on church door
14
Q
Luthers ideas
A
- Need only faith for salvation
- All church teachings clearly based on bible
- All people of faith are equal
15
Q
Medici
A
wealthy family who owned chain of banks-ruled Florence behind the scenes
16
Q
MIchelangelo
A
sculpted David; Sistine chapel- realistic human features and posture
17
Q
Petrarch
A
Humanist-wrote sonnets to Laura
18
Q
Printing Press
A
spread ideas faster-more people could read because books cheaper
19
Q
Raphael
A
used perspective-painted School of Athens
20
Q
Reasons for Reformation
A
the Renaissance made people question the Catholic Church
21
Q
van Eyke
A
oil paints- techniques painters still use today
22
Q
Chapter 2 and 3
A
….
23
Q
da Gama
A
found Calicut brought spices, silk, ect.
24
Q
Dias
A
wanted to spread Christian religion
25
Safavid capital-one of the most beautiful cities in world
Esfahan
26
Ghazi
warrior for Islam
27
HIdeyoshi
continued mission to unite Japan-invaded Korea
28
Hongwu
drove out the Mongols est. Ming Dynasty in China
29
Leyasu
founded the Tokugawa Shogunate
30
Janissaries
christian boys educated and converted to Islam to fight for Ottoman Empire
31
Kabuki
Japanese theatre
32
Manchus
invaded China and est. Quing Dynasty
33
Mehmed II
took Constantinople-opened city to all to rebuild
34
Motives for Exploration
route to India, riches, religious converts, glory
35
Nobunaga
wanted to control all of Japan-Unite it-but failed
36
Treaty of Tordesillas
agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the New World for exploration
37
Yonglo
sent Zeng He on voyages
38
Zheng He
went on 7 voyages to show China's power and wealth-giant treasure ships
39
Chapter 4
........
40
Atahualpa
ruler of Incas- Killed by Pizzaro
41
Balboa
1st European to see the Pacific Ocean
42
Cabral
found Brazil-claimed for Portugal
43
Cartier
found St. Lawrence River and an island that he named Mont Real-later Montreal
44
Champlain
founded Quebec-base of New France
45
Columbian Exchange
global transfer of food, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
46
Coronado
led expedition through AZ, NM, TX, OK, and KS
47
Founded New Netherlands-pushed out by British
Dutch
48
Encomienda System
landowners claimed the right to the natives' labor and forced them to work
49
Hudson
explored Hudson River, Bay, and Strait
50
Jamestown
English settlement on coast of Virginia
51
Joint Stock Companies
investors bought shares of the company
52
LaSalle
explored lower Mississippi River and claimed the valley for France-named Louisiana
53
deLeon
claimed Florida for Spain
54
Mercantilism
countries gained power by wealth-selling more goods than are bought or getting as much silver/gold as possible
55
Mestizos
Mixed Spanish and Indian
56
Metacom
attacked colonial villages-native am. king-King Philip's War
57
Montezuma II
Aztec emperor- thought conquistadors were gods and gave them gold
58
Vespucci
Discovered that new world not a part of Asia- America named after him
59
Chapter 5
.....
60
Anastasia
wife of Ivan the Terrible
61
Cardinal Richelieu
appointed as advisor to Louis XIII moved against Huguenots and weakened nobles' power
62
Cervantes
wrote Don Quixote-1st modern European novel
63
Charles I
dissolved Parliament several times because they wouldn't give him money
64
Charles II
restored monarchy to England
65
Colbert
helped Louis XIII make France wealthy and improved France's economy
66
Cromwell
dictator of England and banned many activities
67
El Greco
the Greek chose bright colors and distorted the human figure
68
English Civil War
the Royalists(supporters King Charles) and the Roundheads(supporters of Parliament) fought each other and the Roundheads won
69
Ferdinand
Defender of Catholicism-est. the Inquisition
70
Glorious Revolution
William of Orange and wife mary were asked by Parliament to rule as constitutional monarchs and they accepted
71
Grand Embassy
Czar Peter took a long visit to western Europe
72
Henry IV
1st king of Bourbon Dynasty in France-Protestant-converted to Catholicism
73
Hohenzollerns
built an empire from small countries like Prussia-Frederick William-strong army only way to defend land
74
Ivan IV
AKA Ivan the Terrible-first Czar- had good and bad period- after Anastasias death-murdered boyars whom he suspected to be traiters by secret police force
75
James I
King of Scottland-became King of England--King James Version of Bible
76
Mazarin
Cathollic-sided with Protestants in 30 yrs. war
77
Rembrandt
painted portraits of wealthy middle class- groups of people
78
Restoration
Charles II's rule of England after Oliver Cromwell's death
79
30 years War
European conflict over religion and territory and power among ruling families
80
Tories
supported James I
81
Velazquez
painted royal family and court life
82
Whigs
political party in England who opposed James I
83
Chapter 6
.....
84
Aristotle
Earth centered universe-Geocentric Theory
85
Bacon
People should experiment and make their own conclusions
86
Boyle
matter made of small primary particles; Boyle's Laws-how gas volume, temp, and pressure work together
87
Catherine the Great
wanted reform but it never happened
88
Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory-everything revolves around the sun- wrote On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
89
Descartes
Scientific Method
90
Diderot
Encyclopedia
91
Hobbes
All Humans naturally selfish and wicked-Social Contract: agreement between people and ruler
92
Jenner
Smallpox-1st vaccine
93
Kepler
Brahe's Assistant- planets revolve in elliptical orbits instead of circles-proved copernicus right
94
Montesquieu
French writer- separation of powers-base of U.S. Constitution
95
Neoclassical Art
simple and elegante-borrowed Greek and Roman ideas (new classical)
96
Paris
Intellectual center of the Enlightenment
97
Rousseau
Social Contract between people only; power of government comes from consent of governed
98
Scientific Revolution
study of natural world and questioning of accepted beliefs
99
Torricelli
barometer
100
Vesalius
Dissected human corpses to discover things about the body
101
Chapter 7
......
102
Alexander I
Czar signed the Holy Alliance- betweed Russia Prussia and Austria- joined to stop the revolution
103
Bastille
symbolic act of revolution for the French
104
Battle of Trafalgar
British defeated the French and stopped Napoleon to invade Britain
105
congress of Vienna
series of meetings to establish a balance of power after Napoleon's defeat
106
Conservatives(France)
sat on the right side and wanted limited monarchy and few changes
107
Coup'd'etat
sudden seizure of political power
108
Danton
a Jacobin
109
Louis XVIII
disliked by people driven out by Napoleon
110
Marie Louise
Napoleon's Wife-Austrian
111
Matternich's Goals
1. Prevent French Agression
2. Restore Royal Families
3. Restore Balance of power
112
Moderates
sat in middle-some changes but not as many as radicals
113
Old Regime
France divided into three estates
114
Pope Pius VII
Signed concordat with Napoleon saying that he recognized church influence on France but denied church control
115
Radicals
Sat on left wanted no monarchy
116
Who Ruled in the Reign of Terror
Robespierre
117
Chapter 8
........
118
Alexander II
moved Russia toward modernization
119
Bismarck
realpolitik-ruled without consent of parliment or budget
120
Cavour
Prime Minister-Sardinia-Unified Italy
121
Who were two impressionist painters?
Degas and Monet
122
Francis Joseph
Austria and Hungary separate
123
Garabaldi
Red Shirts won a lot of land and gave to Sardinia to rule-helped unite Italy
124
Romanticism
interest in nature and thoughts/feelings of the individual
125
Talbot
light sensitive paper used to make photograph
126
Cockerill
secretly moved to belgium with plans for spinning machine
127
Herzl
started Zionism
