Harman Hints test #1 old fucks

Question 1

what is the main CV change r/t aging** ( 1 main concept to remember)

Answer 1

the general response is a decreasing response to stimulation of the ANS

Question 2

Can the old heart compensate for stress?

Answer 2

nope

Question 3

What happens to the cardiac reserve in the old fart?

Answer 3

reduced

Question 4

what happens to CO in the old foggie?

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

what happens to the HR in old farts?

Answer 5

decreases

Question 6

what happens to conduction time in the older population?

Answer 6

slows

Question 7

* decreased CO and HR lead to what?*

Answer 7

Increased circulation time

Question 8

what happens to Systolic BP in elderly

Answer 8

Increase

Question 9

what can happen to diastolic BP with age

Answer 9

may actually fall ( decrease)

Question 10

7 common Age related renal/hepatic changes

Answer 10

• DECREASED renal blood flow
• DECREASED urine concentrating ability
• DECREASED ability to conserve H2O
• DECREASED elimination of drugs
• DECREASED hepatic blood flow
• DECREASED plasma drug clearance

** all DECREASED

Question 11

6 common age related CNS A&P changes

Answer 11

-DECREASED activity
- DECREASED O2 consumption
-REDUCED # of functioning receptors
- REDUCED production of NT
- Neuron loss
- DECREASED CBF
All decreased

Question 12

8 common pulmonary age related A&P changes

Answer 12

• INCREASED lung compliance
• DECREASED forced expiratory volume
• INCREASED closing volumes
• DECREASED resting arterial O2 tension
• INCREASED alveolar-arterial differences
• V/Q mismatch
• DECREASING FRC
• DECREASING TLC

Question 13

11 Common age related CV A&P changes

Answer 13

• impaired pump fxn
• prolonged circulation time
• myocardial fiber atrophy
• HTN
• Impaired cardiac adrenergic receptor quality
• Increased PVR
• DECREASED CO
• DECREASED organ fxn
• DECREASED organ perfusion
• left ventricular hypertrophy
• CAD

Question 14

7 common age related A&P changes??

Answer 14

DECREASED organ function
-INCREASED body fat
- DECREASED blood volume
- DECREASED ability to retain heat
- DECREASED in lean body mass
-DECREASED skin elasticity
- collagen loss
- DECREASED intracellular water
the only thing that increases is FAT

Question 15

* if a question on the test ask about organs the answer is generally what??

Answer 15

DECREASED

Question 16

**** Main points from respiratory changes****
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
Residual Volume (RV)?
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 16

TLC- Decreased
RV- increased
FRC- increased
VC- Decreased

Question 17

respiratory changes that decrease with age?

Answer 17

• Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1)
• alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
• muscle strength
• flexibility of rib cage

Question 18

Pores of con

Answer 18

• apertures in the alveolar septum
• allow the communication of two adjacent alveoli
• Located between the meshes of the capillary network, these alveolar apertures are circular or oval, and are bordered by extensions of type I pneumocytes
• Type II pneumocytes are often located close to the pores of Kohn.
• The presence of two near apertures gives a “double-barrelled gun” aspect, frequently observed in the old animal.
• The quantification of the pores of Kohn in various species shows great variations according to the fixation technique, animals age and site of alveoli in the lung and the lobules.
• Ventilation, which differs according to the site of the alveoli in the lung, is a determinant factor, proved by the great number of pores of Kohn in the hyperventilated areas.
• The formation of pores of Kohn is linked with renewing and dehiscence of alveolar epithelial cells.
• The role of alveolar pores in collateral ventilation seems relatively weak in the physiological state, whereas it is certain in lung pathology, contributing to the propagation of bacterial infections in the adult and to changes of local ventilatory conditions in atelectasis and asthmatic bronchoconstriction.
• The alveolar apertures can explain the specific propagation of some epitheliotropical peripheral cancers (bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma).
• The pore of Kohn is one of the first signs of parenchymatous senescence of the pulmonary alveolus; its part in the appearance and extension of emphysematous disorders is also discussed.

Question 19

elderly and muscle relaxants

Answer 19

• the response to sux’s and NDMR agents are unaltered by ageing
• decresed CO and slow muscle blood flow may cause up to a 2 fold prolongation inonset of NMBD.
• recovery from NDMBD that depend on renal excretion ex(metocurine, pancurium, doxacurium, tubocuraine) may be delayed due to slow clearance
• decreased hepatic excretion may prolong excretion of roc and vec