Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Question 1

what is the equation??

Answer 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

p^2 is expected genotype frequency homozygous dominant, p is frequency of dominant allele

2pq is frequency of heterozygotes

q^2 is expected frequency of homozygous recessive, q = frequency of recessive allele

Question 1

what does it mean if a population is in hardy-weinburg equilibrium?

Answer 1

evolution is not acting on the population

Question 2

what can we tell from hardy weinburg

Answer 2

compare HWE expected frequencies to the observed frequencies to determine if gene frequencies are changing/evolution is occurring

Question 3

steps of using HWE

Answer 3

1. calculate the observed genotype frequencies (AA, Aa, aa) and record (# of rec/dom homozygotes or # heterozygotes/total individuals)
2. calc frequencies of each allele, (A, a) - # each allele/ total 3 alleles A - p, a - q
3. calc EXPECTED allele frequencies - AA p^2, Aa 2pq, aa q^2
4. compare observed and expected values - if they’re within 0.010 of each other the gene is in HWE

Question 4

how close must expected and observed values be for a gene to be in HWE

Answer 4

0.010

Question 5

assumptions for HWE

Answer 5

1. Random fusion of gametes (no sexual selection)
2. population is infinitely large (no genetic drift)
3. no natural selection
4. no gene flow
5. no mutations